Chapter 17 Section 2 The War for Europe and North Africa Main Idea: Allied forces, led by the United States and Great Britain, battled Axis powers for control of Europe and North Africa.

17-1 HW review Page 5 – “ Page 5 – “EXPLAIN WHAT MADE EACH EVENT A CRITICAL MOMENT OR TURNING POINT IN THE WAR.”

The US and GB Join Forces Churchill and Roosevelt met at the White House on December 22, 1941 Churchill and Roosevelt met at the White House on December 22, 1941 Allied Plan- To wage war against Germany and Italy first then focus on the Pacific and Japan Allied Plan- To wage war against Germany and Italy first then focus on the Pacific and Japan Battle of the Atlantic- Hitler ordered submarine attacks on Allied ships Battle of the Atlantic- Hitler ordered submarine attacks on Allied ships Convoy system and radar helped Allied victory Convoy system and radar helped Allied victory

Battle of Stalingrad Battle of Stalingrad Q#1 Winter 1943 Winter 1943 Soviet Union prevented Germany from taking over their country – so - Soviet Union prevented Germany from taking over their country – so - Marked turning point in the war because Hitler's army was stuck in the harsh winter weather and unable to recover. 230,000 German soldiers died. Germany at one point had controlled the majority of the city but the Soviets pulled back and counterattacked & were the victors! Marked turning point in the war because Hitler's army was stuck in the harsh winter weather and unable to recover. 230,000 German soldiers died. Germany at one point had controlled the majority of the city but the Soviets pulled back and counterattacked & were the victors! Soviet Union moved westward toward Germany Soviet Union moved westward toward Germany Soviets lost 1,100,000 soldiers…more than the U.S had in the entire war Soviets lost 1,100,000 soldiers…more than the U.S had in the entire war

North African Front Operation Torch – Operation Torch – Q#2 General Dwight D. Eisenhower led Allied troops through Axis controlled North Africa General Dwight D. Eisenhower led Allied troops through Axis controlled North Africa Gave Allies a place to launch attack on Italy – within 6 months of heavy fighting the Axis powers were defeated. The victory was a major morale booster for Allied troops. Gave Allies a place to launch attack on Italy – within 6 months of heavy fighting the Axis powers were defeated. The victory was a major morale booster for Allied troops.

Battle of the Atlantic Q# 3 - Following Pearl Harbor the Germans wanted to block supplies from crossing the Atlantic & with their subs (“U-boats”) they did very well initially; in the first 4 months of the “Battle of the Atlantic” Germans sank 87 ships & over the next 7 months that number rose to 681. The Allies used a WW1 tactic – convoys – (groups of ships travelling together with a sonar equipped destroyer leading the pack) & both the US & GB launched crash shipbuilding programs that together turned the tide by 1943.

D-DAY June 6, million British, American and Canadian Troops dramatic plan to invade France & free Western Europe from the Germans. Q# 4 & million British, American and Canadian Troops dramatic plan to invade France & free Western Europe from the Germans. Under Eisenhower's direction they planned to attack at Normandy; Code named ‘Operation Overlord’ Under Eisenhower's direction they planned to attack at Normandy; Code named ‘Operation Overlord’ General George Patton advanced his troops to Paris General George Patton advanced his troops to Paris Allies freed France, Belgium and Luxembourg Allies freed France, Belgium and Luxembourg It was the largest land-sea-air operation in history! It was the largest land-sea-air operation in history! German retaliation was brutal – especially at Omaha Beach – but despite heavy casualties the Allies held the beach & within a month had landed a million troops, 567,000 tons of supplies and 170,000 vehicles in France. All was used to create a gap in the German line of defense & allowed Gen. Patton to advance. German retaliation was brutal – especially at Omaha Beach – but despite heavy casualties the Allies held the beach & within a month had landed a million troops, 567,000 tons of supplies and 170,000 vehicles in France. All was used to create a gap in the German line of defense & allowed Gen. Patton to advance. SPR - Art of the Scene SPR - 9 mins SPR - Art of the Scene SPR - 9 mins SPR - Art of the SceneSPR - 9 mins SPR - Art of the SceneSPR - 9 mins

Liberation of Death Camps Liberation of Death Camps Q #5 As Allied troops pressed into Germany As Allied troops pressed into Germany Soviet troops moved through Poland & were the 1 st to come across death camps. At Majdanek they found 1000 prisoners who were barely alive; the world’s largest crematorium & over shoes…leading them to conclude that the concentration camps were really “murder camps”. Soviet troops moved through Poland & were the 1 st to come across death camps. At Majdanek they found 1000 prisoners who were barely alive; the world’s largest crematorium & over shoes…leading them to conclude that the concentration camps were really “murder camps”.

Battle of the Bulge Battle of the Bulge Q #8 Decisive month long battle that would be Germany’s last offensive move. While the Nazi’s captured or wounded 80,000 G.I.s, - more than in any battle in U.S. history, their own losses were so monumental (120,000 troops, 600 tanks, 1,600 planes) that they could not recover so this Battle led directly to Nazi retreat. Decisive month long battle that would be Germany’s last offensive move. While the Nazi’s captured or wounded 80,000 G.I.s, - more than in any battle in U.S. history, their own losses were so monumental (120,000 troops, 600 tanks, 1,600 planes) that they could not recover so this Battle led directly to Nazi retreat. Battle of the Bulge facts Battle of the Bulge facts Battle of the Bulge facts Battle of the Bulge facts

Unconditional Surrender Mussolini was stripped of power by the Italy’s King as Italy fell to the Allies in 1943; Mussolini was killed in 1945 (p. 573) – Germany would continue to try to regain Italy until their own surrender years later Q# 9 Mussolini was stripped of power by the Italy’s King as Italy fell to the Allies in 1943; Mussolini was killed in 1945 (p. 573) – Germany would continue to try to regain Italy until their own surrender years later Q# 9 Hitler and his wife killed themselves in Berlin in April of 1945 rather than witnessing the “disgrace of capitulation (surrender).” Hitler and his wife killed themselves in Berlin in April of 1945 rather than witnessing the “disgrace of capitulation (surrender).” Eisenhower accepted unconditional surrender called V-E day (Victory in Europe Day) May 8, 1945 Q# 10 HOWEVER -- Eisenhower accepted unconditional surrender called V-E day (Victory in Europe Day) May 8, 1945 Q# 10 HOWEVER -- Roosevelt did not see the victory he died of a stroke just weeks earlier…leaving his VP Harry Truman as the new President (hw would see WW2 to its end as the Pacific campaign unfolded next – 17-3). Roosevelt did not see the victory he died of a stroke just weeks earlier…leaving his VP Harry Truman as the new President (hw would see WW2 to its end as the Pacific campaign unfolded next – 17-3).