Status of the Accelerator Complex Keith Gollwitzer Antiproton Source Accelerator Division Fermilab 2009 Fermilab Users’ Meeting

Look at the Last Year Plus Last long shutdown ended October 2007 – Essentially we will have run for 20 months Since the last Users’ Meeting: – One planned shutdown last October – One un-planned last November – There have been day or two interruptions to the overall complex – There have been longer interruptions to different parts of the program

NuMI Horn Leak Bad Transformer TeV Dump Resistor

Booster Protons June 2008 Proton Breakdown: ~55% NuMI ~30% MiniBooNe ~15% Pbar Production Losses in the Booster limit the number of protons

“Miniboone” Protons June 2008 Essentially any available protons that can be accelerated after the NuMI/Pbar Booster cycles without exceeding the Booster loss limit are sent to MiniBoone SciBooNE also used this beam for a period of time Greater slope means more MiniBooNe cycles dues to NuMI being off

Booster Improvements 12 of 48 Corrector Magnets were installed during 2007 shutdown; balance to be installed this shutdown. Space limitations resulted in each magnet being capable of two dipole, two quadrupole and two sextupole corrections: 12 racetrack coil windings, 104 electrical connections and 49 cooling water connections Technical Division fabricated the magnets and produced/performed a complicated testing procedure. Will allow better control throughout the Booster ramp. Not only helps with Booster losses but will help with providing good quality beam

NuMI Protons The amount of beam is limited by losses in the Main Injector tunnel NuMI beam power: 290KW nominal mix mode 330KW NuMI-only mode 11 Batch Slip Stacking (9 batches for NuMI) was implemented in April 2008 A few places where greater slope was due to non stacking periods and NuMI received all 11 btaches June 2008 Horn 1 Leak Horn 2 Stripline Site wide power outage October shutdown

Main injector Losses Injection Beam from previous injection not captured but kicked out of the machine at next injection Future single batch kicker will send beam to abort prior to next injection Start of Ramp Beam not captured by final RF buckets after slip stacking is lost up the ramp 95-99% of losses contained by the MI30 collimator Extraction Uncaptured injection beam is captured by final RF buckets but in extraction time region New damper/fuzzer system is/will direct beam to vertical collimator at 8GeV All about controlling losses: When(s) & Where(s) The Where(s) Collimators or the Abort.

switchyard A dozen experiments have setup in Mtest Depending upon the experiment, different energy modes – 120GeV proton mode 600,000 particles in 4 sec – Low energy mode 1-32 GeV secondary beam – High energy mode GeV secondary beam Upcoming work – Very low energy beam of a few hundred MeV to be commissioned after shutdown – Over the next year, revive beam line to KTeV hall for upcoming E906: Drell-Yan Measurements of Nucleon

Beam Line completed in Fall 2008 Special 1 hour running to start commissioning – Limited to keeping beam inside LINAC enclosure – 1 Beam pulse per minute Evidence of beam extracted from LINAC on 5 th pulse Repaired problems found during 1 hour run Working to decouple running from HEP Finishing radiation shielding for Test Area MuCool Test Area

Tevatron Perfromance Integrated Luminosity is mainly dependent upon uptime June 2008 Site wide power outage October shutdown MCR power outage CHL cold box Luminosity is mainly dependent upon available antiprotons

Tevatron Antiprotons

Antiproton stacking ??

Antiproton stacking

Best at last Users’ Meeting: 3420mA Last Week: 3768mA

Tevatron Performance Best at last Users’ Meeting: 315/μb/s

Tevatron Perfromance

Pbar usage efficiency Fiscal Yearnb -1 /mA Run

Tevatron Reliability – Orbit stabilization – Control of antiproton emittances – Control of proton tune – Monitoring of lattice – Monitoring of losses during squeeze – Aperture improvement at B0 Stack as much as possible – Lower target stack size for transfers out of Accumulator Keep at larger stacking rates Decreases emittances results in better transfer efficiency – Setup & tune-ups done without interrupting stacking – Automation of tuning steps Some items monitor and know when to do thorough tune-up – Multi-batch proton load of Tevatron Operational Improvements

RF Structure in Blue and Green – Beam Intensity in cyan 4bunches for extraction 8 parcels waiting Recycler partial mining Mining is the process where the Recycler antiproton is put into 9 parcels by special RF waveform. One-by-one, each parcel has 4 RF buckets applied before being extracted. Shots usually leave 3-8% antiprotons remain. Partial Mining is nearly the same process except a 10 th special parcel is created and kept for future shots. Flexibility allows to shoot “desired” number of antiprotons. Allows Antiproton Source to keep at high rate stacking instead of being the storehouse for future shots when Recycler is full and cannot shoot

Records As of June 2008As of June 2009 Peak Luminosity (μb -1 /s) Weekly Integrated Luminosity (pb -1 )5674 Monthly Integrated Luminosity (pb -1 ) Antiprotons Produced in 1 hour (mA) Antiprotons Produced in 1 week (mA) Weekly Average Stacking Rate (mA/hr) Antiprotons in Recycler (e10) Protons on NuMI Target in 1 week (e18)7.17.9

Booster Corrector Magnets – 10 weeks to install and 2 weeks to commission Main Injector Penetrations – 11 weeks to dig, drill, install, remake berm – Eventual install kickers which will clear beam out of the injection time region Tevatron Maintenance – Warm-up 6 houses to fix cold leaks (12 weeks) Antiproton Source Maintenance – Replace leaking magnet and change stochastic cooling tanks Many other maintenance jobs throughout the accelerator complex Shutdown 2009

The Fermilab Accelerator Complex is coming to the end of a 20 month run period Improvements are ongoing – Containment of proton beam losses – Antiproton Stacking Rate – Tevatron reliability The 2009 Shutdown starts June 15 The Accelerator Complex will be up and running by the middle of September Summary