WEATHER AND METEOROLOGY Cpt. Ing. Naděžda Bartošová Ph.D.

1. INTRODUCTION: definitions, basic meteorological elements. 2. AVIATION METEOROLOGY: aviation meteorological elements, meteorological hazards, weather reports. 3. SUMMARY: key words, questions.

1. INTRODUCTION - definitions METEOROLOGY - is the study and forecasting of weather changes resulting from large scale atmospheric circulation. WEATHER - is the state of the atmosphere at precise time and given position.

1. INTRODUCTION - basic meteorological elements BASIC ELEMENTS: air temperature, air pressure, air humidity, wind, precipitations, clouds. ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS: intensity of the sun, air pollution, amount of ozone etc..

2. AVIATION METEOROLOGY specific weather conditions and phenomena, that can affect the flights: visibility, clouds, wind, temperature, pressure, meteorological hazards

2. AVIATION METEOROLOGY VISIBILITY : how far you can see in the weather coditions types (meteorological, flight visibility, RVR) affected by following phenomena: - fog, - haze, - smoke, - pressipitations - etc…

2. AVIATION METEOROLOGY CLOUDS : a visible collection of particles of water or ice suspended in the air type of clouds (low, medium, high) amount of clouds (few, sct, bkn, ovc) base/top

2. AVIATION METEOROLOGY indicated by direction and velocity. WIND: air in natural motion, as that moving horizontally at any velocity along the earth's surface, indicated by direction and velocity. headwind, tailwind, crosswind calm, breeze, gale, storm changes (gust, squall) MICROBURST: downdraft opposite of a tornado, within a thunderstorm.

2. AVIATION METEOROLOGY TEMPERATURE: measured by thermometer, expressed in Celsius, can affect the safety of the flight (power thrust, freezing level).

2. AVIATION METEOROLOGY PRESSURE: the force exerted by air on any surface, QNH - local altimeter setting, QFE - altimeter setting referenced to the airport, QNE – standard atmospheric pressure.

2. AVIATION METEOROLOGY METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS: caused by temperature – icing, caused by wind - squall, gusts, windshear, turbulence, caused by precipitation – hail, freezing rain caused by unstable air - thunderstorm

2. AVIATION METEOROLOGY WEATHER REPORTS: Actual Forecast METAR TAF Area forecast VOLMET Special SNOWTAM

3. SUMMARY KEY WORDS: weather, meteorology, fog, mist, haze top/base of clouds, low/medium/high level clouds, squall, gusts, windshear, turbulence, METAR, TAF, SWOTAM

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