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Published byEugenia Hines Modified over 5 years ago
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Weather = The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with respect to variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity, and barometric pressure, etc. Meteorology = The study of weather
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Weather Cloud Wind Temperature Pressure Significant phenomena
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Cloud = A mass of water droplets and/or ice crystals Cloud base = the lowest height of the cloud cover Cloud cover = the amount of cloud which can be seen in the sky Types
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Types of clouds: A high-level, stable layer clouds: cirrocumulus, cirostratus (thin), cirrus (long and thin) A medium-level stable layer clouds: altocumulus, altostratus, A low-level stable layer clouds: stratus, stratocumulus, nimbostratus (grey, dark, stable with continuous rain or snowfall)
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Types of clouds Significant clouds: cumulonimbus Cb – large, dense, unstable heap cloud with a lot of vertical height and which can develop into thunderstorms : cumulus - large, unstable heap cloud with considerable vertical extent
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Wind = The movement of air between areas of different atmospheric pressure Wind speed - knots, Direction Gust = A sudden, temporary increase of wind speed of at least 10 knots Wind shear = a sudden change in wind direction and/or speed over a short distance Head-, tail-, crosswind
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Temperature Celsius degree Dewpoint = The temperature to which a volume of air must be cooled at constant pressure for saturation to occur
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Pressure QNH = Altimeter sub−scale setting to obtain elevation when on the ground, measured to mean sea level, QFE = -/- to reference level of airdrome, Standard atmospheric pressure hPa, Torr,
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Aerodrome weather CAVOK SKC FEW 1 – 2/8 SCT 3 – 4/8 BKN 5 – 7/8 (significant clouds for VFR) OVC 8/8
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Significant phenomena: SN (BLSN), DZ, DU, PO, DS, FG (BCFG, FZFG), GR, HZ, PL, IC, ICE, RA (FZRA, RERA), SA, SS, MIFG, SH, SIGWX, FU, SG, GS, SQ, TS, TC, UP, VA, Lightning HVY TSGRRA
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Intensity of phenomena Precipitation (e.g., rain, snow, hail): - light - moderate - heavy Wind shear: - moderate - strong Other phenomena (e.g., turbulence, icing): - light - moderate - severe
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Colour code = Colour system used to describe weather at airfield (visibility, cloud base) BLU+, BLU, WHT, GRN, YLO, AMB, RED, BLACK
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Reports METAR – actual report – visibility, weather, cloud, wind, temp., QNH, dew point,… TAF – weather forecast, expectation for 24 h period, SPECI – extra report given due to significant and sudden changes, SNOWTAM – about snow and snow clearing at an airfield (DLTZ).
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Conditions: VMC – symbol used for visual meteorological conditions IMC – symbol used for Instrument meteorological conditions Airspace classC-D-EG Flight visibility 8 km AT and ABOVE FL 100 5 km BELLOW FL 100 5 km Clear of clouds and in sight of the surface Distance from clouds 1500 m horizontally 300 m (1000 ft) vertically
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Sources AIP – GEN 2.2, ENR 1 MODULE 1 AIRCRAFT AND AIRFIELD TERMINOLOGY L – PHRASEOLOGY Own notes: MIL AIC – C01/06 15 FEB 06 SPECI criteria colour code table Internet - Google
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