Behaviours for survival (Behavioural ecology)

2 types of behaviour Innate – virtually identical behaviour for every member of species. Born with ability/knowledge. Learned – develop or change as a result of experience. Not every member of species has same experience, so learned behaviour is variable.

INNATELEARNED Language and speech Walking motion Crying Laughter Writing Cooking food Eating Do the “right thing” Having sexuality Respecting authority/elders Association of coffee smell with taste of coffee Bullying those we find threatening Being altruistic (doing something for others)

-Eating daily -Sleeping -Migration -Communication -Reproducing/finding a mate -Competing for resources -dominance/hierarchi es -Territoriality -Conditioning – associating unrelated things with one another -Relating behaviour to punishment/reward -Ignoring stimuli -Having some relationship with objects -Observing from others INNATELEARNED

Activity 1 – Rhythmic behaviours Using pg in your text book, complete the following table: BehaviourWhen?Why?Examples Feeding Migration

Activity 2 - communication Choose from the following scenarios and complete the table on the next slide (use table 11.2 pg 349 to give you some ideas). Do more than one if you get time. -Male peacock displaying tail -Dog barks at an intruder to their house -Female anglerfish excretes a pheromone -Dolphins making a buzz sound

Communication continued Aspect of communicationSpecific case Stimulus Sender Receiver to whom signal is directed Kind of signal sent How the signal is sent Behaviour of receiver Setting in which communication occurs

The case of the bees Bees have extraordinary ways of communicating with one another 12.htm Bees dance to inform others where they can find good sources of pollen. Bees also have a very interesting social system.

Other odd animal behaviours Animals seem to be able to sense seismic movement before it occurs. How does this benefit them? Lyrebirds mimic the calls of other birds, and even other objects/ animals. How does this benefit them?

Odd animal behaviour Magpies swoop anything that comes near their nest in spring. Why? Cats hiss to scare away predators. Some snakes “play dead” when attacked. Lions live in harems – many females, just one dominant, reproducing male Fish swim in schools