Bioluminescence By: Robin Frame SCM 330 Winter 2008.

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Presentation transcript:

Bioluminescence By: Robin Frame SCM 330 Winter 2008

What is bioluminescence? Light given off by an organism Occurs at all depths in all the oceans Most occurs within the “twilight” zone of the ocean, where bioluminescence is the primary source of light Range of organisms including: bacteria, coral, shrimp, squid, jellies, fish

Why be bioluminescent? Finding food Protection, avoiding being eaten Finding a mate

Finding Food Lures or barbells flashlights

Protection – avoiding being eaten Cloud to distract or temporarily blind predator Burglar alarm Camouflage

Finding a Mate Size and location of bioluminescent organs Flashing patterns Specific to individual species or sex of the species

What causes bioluminescence? Same process as any other light production Electron is stimulated and as it moves back to its original energy level light is emitted But…bioluminescence is 100% efficient, meaning no energy is lost as heat

Measuring Bioluminescence Bathyphotometer Water flows into a light tight chamber Turbulence is created to stimulate bioluminescence Light emitted is recorded to get a measurement

Different organisms produce different flashes Quick onset then exponential decay Residence time in chamber determines how much of flash is measured

HIDEX-BP Standardized instrument Water flows into chamber through grid which stimulates bioluminescence Fiber optics measure light produced

HIDEX-BP High Intake Defined Excitation Bathyphotometer Vertical profiler High intake flow Long residence time Faster profile rate

HIDEX-BP Results Shows measurements according to depth

BIOLITE Measures bioluminescence in surface waters Continuous sampling Mounted on bow of ships Easy to operate

BIOLITE Results Shows bioluminescence at the surface

TOWDEX Towed by a ship Combined vertical and horizontal measurements Can be programmed or manually operated

TOWDEX Results Shows bioluminescence according to depth and location

Applications Assessing toxins in the water -Dinoflagellates are highly sensitive so level can be detected before they are fatal Detecting flow and distinguishing between laminar and turbulent flow -Dinoflagellates are stimulated by flow -Different flows result in different intensity bioluminescence