GP role within the referral system Counter-referral to patient and/or GP
GPs main feautures GPs and paediatricians are self-employed professionals working with the Italian NHS upon a National contract plus a regional and local integrative agreements; GPs have to guarantee: medical consultations, either at the physician’s office or at the patient’s home, residential nursing homes and emergency cases for their patients; prescribing medications, integrated care, diagnostic tests and laboratoryanalyses; referrals for hospitalization, including day treatments/elective surgery; services that require a health professional to administer care (e.g. sutures, injections, intravenous injections); flu vaccinations during vaccination campaigns aimed at targeted population groups at risk.
Main issues Need for GPs to go beyond their traditional gate-keeper role for hospital and specialist services to take on a greater role in coordinating strategies to deal with chronic and degenerative diseases (Chronic Care Mode); managing the growing complexity of diagnostic and ambulatory (outpatient) services (lack of integration with ambulatory specialists, no standardized guidelines nor outcomes monitoring of GPs activity); playing a greater role in health promotion strategies. No formal PHC equipes No university degree required in family/community medicine to practice; No explicit definition of PHC services in the national essential levels of care (LEAs) ( Corsalini e Fattore, Mecosan 2012; 82: 61-75).
Policy efforts Encouraging the institution of Primary health centres (Case della salute) to overcome solo- practice; Improving ICT systems to facilitate outpatient- inpatient information sharing; Definition of clinical pathways, GPs and specialists’ role witching the pathways and patients referrals. Important regional differences
Pending policy questions in Primary care What payment arrangements for the new Primary health centres (Case della salute)? Payment schemes: what mix of pro-capita and clinical pathways outputs/outcomes? How to shift part of GPs remuneration towards équipe activities?