War of 1812: Events & Songs

War of 1812 War of 1812 Begins Britain did not want a war because of their war with France 2 main phasesWar had 2 main phases ▫1812 – 1814: Britain concentrated on their war against France ▫After Britain defeated France in Apr they turned attention on America U.S. militaryU.S. military was not ready for the war ▫Small ▫Poorly trained ▫Badly equipped

Phase One American Navy was small Their warships were faster than any others important victory on Lake ErieMost important victory took place on Lake Erie British attacked American ships ▫Battle took place over a couple of days Oliver Hazard Perry led American ships ▫Forced a surrender American control of Lake Erie & ended Britain as a threat in the NorthwestVictory led to American control of Lake Erie & ended Britain as a threat in the Northwest

After defeating Napoleon in April 1814, Britain turns its attention The British burned the Capitol & President’s mansionThe British burned the Capitol building & President’s mansion Fort McHenry in Baltimore harborAttack on Fort McHenry in Baltimore harbor war was too costlyThe British eventually realized the war was too costly and wanted it to end Treaty of Ghent-Ended WarTreaty of Ghent-Ended War ▫Dec 24, 1814 in Ghent Belgium Dec – British troops marched on New Orleans ▫Jan. 8, 1815 Battle of New Orleans ▫Jan. 8, 1815 – Gen. Andrew Jackson’s forces mowed down the British -Battle of New Orleans madeJackson an American hero Victory made Jackson an American hero Took place after the war was officially over Phase Two

President’s Mansion burning Ruins of the U.S. Capitol Portrait saved by Dolley Madison

The Burning of Washington, D.C. President’s Mansion burning Ruins of the U.S. Capitol Portrait saved by Dolley Madison Bombardment of Fort McHenry

THE TREATY OF GHENT Ended the war between the U.S. & Britain in Ghent, BelgiumEnded the war between the U.S. & Britain in Ghent, Belgium American negotiators included John Quincy Adams & Henry ClayAmerican negotiators included John Quincy Adams & Henry Clay Signed December 24, 1814Signed December 24, 1814 Both sides were tired of the warBoth sides were tired of the war ▫Too Costly Neither side gained any territoryNeither side gained any territory

THE TREATY OF GHENT None of the problems that caused the war were addressedNone of the problems that caused the war were addressed Americans saw the war as a victory because of they had beaten the British at New OrleansAmericans saw the war as a victory because of they had beaten the British at New Orleans Americans believed they had won a "second war of independence"Americans believed they had won a "second war of independence"

The Star Spangled Banner - Francis Scott Key

Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave? On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses? Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, In full glory reflected now shines in the stream: 'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! And where is that band who so vauntingly swore That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion, A home and a country should leave us no more! Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution. No refuge could save the hireling and slave From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave: And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! Oh! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand Between their loved home and the war's desolation! Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n rescued land Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation. Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, And this be our motto: "In God is our trust." And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

The Battle of New Orleans - Jimmie Driftwood

Effects of the War Increased patriotism & encouraged expansionIncreased American patriotism & encouraged expansion ▫Heroes – Andrew Jackson, Oliver Perry, William Henry Harrison Decreasedstrength of NativesDecreased strength of Natives Canals & roads joined regionsCanals & roads joined regions growth of manufacturingForced growth of American manufacturing ▫Made products that were previously imported Second Bank of the United StatesSecond Bank of the United States