2004 P.M. VanRaden, M.E. Tooker*, and J.B. Cole Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD

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2004 P.M. VanRaden, M.E. Tooker*, and J.B. Cole Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD Heterosis and breed differences for daughter pregnancy rate and calving ease in crossbred dairy cows

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (2)Melvin Tooker 2004 Objectives  Document the number and type of crossbred dairy animals in the US.  Estimate heterosis and breed differences for DPR and calving ease of F1 cows.

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (3)Melvin Tooker 2004 Crossbred Animals  Animals are considered crossbred if available pedigrees include ancestors of more than one breed.  AIPL crossbred table includes over 335,000 animals of which 80,211 are F1s.  Crossbreds are currently updated with every evaluation.

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (4)Melvin Tooker 2004 Daughter Pregnancy Rate  AIPL database has over 32 million records  Days open restricted from 50 to 250 d  Pregnancy Rate =.25 * (233 - DO)  Calvings since 1990

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (5)Melvin Tooker 2004 Daughter Pregnancy Rate  First lactation records 13,540 F1 cows from 5397 herds 200,992 purebred contemporaries  Lactations 1 to 5 507,584 records from 6223 herds

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (6)Melvin Tooker 2004 DPR Model Effects  Herd-year-season of calving  Linear and quadratic effects for age at first calving  Lactation number  Regression on sire PTA  Breed composition  General heterosis

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (7)Melvin Tooker 2004 Number of F1 and Purebred Cows first lactation Sire Dam Breed BreedAYBSGUHOJEMS AY BS GU HO , JE MS

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (8)Melvin Tooker 2004 Number of F1 and Purebred Cows all lactations Sire Dam Breed BreedAYBSGUHOJEMS AY BS GU HO , JE MS

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (9)Melvin Tooker 2004 Daughter Pregnancy Rate First Lactation All Lactations Breed Average Heterosis2.4 ± 0.6*** 1.8 ± 0.4*** AY0.7 ± ± BS0.6 ± 0.7— 0.2 ± 0.4— 0.4 GU1.6 ± ± 0.7**— 1.0 JE4.2 ± 0.4*** 4.6 ± 0.2***+ 4.7 MS4.3 ± 1.7** 4.0 ± 0.9**+ 3.7

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (10)Melvin Tooker 2004 DPR Conclusions  Estimates are similar to breed differences obtained from national breed averages of first lactation DPR.  JE x HO crossbreds are as fertile as purebred JE.  Heterosis is about 10% of mean DPR.

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (11)Melvin Tooker 2004 Calving Ease of F1s  First lactation raw difficult birth score records 1861 F1s from 1165 herds 42,564 purebred contemporaries  Lactations 1 to 5 91,172 records from 2022 herds

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (12)Melvin Tooker 2004 Number of F1 and Purebred Cows calving ease - first lactation Sire Dam Breed BreedAYBSGUHOJEMS AY BS GU HO , JE MS

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (13)Melvin Tooker 2004 Number of F1 and Purebred Cows calving ease - all lactations Sire Dam Breed BreedAYBSGUHOJEMS AY BS GU HO , JE MS

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (14)Melvin Tooker 2004 Calving Ease Model Effects  Herd-year-season of calving  Linear and quadratic effects for age at first calving  Lactation number  Breed composition of dam  Service sire breed

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (15)Melvin Tooker 2004 F1 Daughter Calving Ease First LactationAll Lactations Heterosis 0.04 ± 0.1— 0.07 ± 0.5 BSxHO— 0.03 ± 0.2— 0.05 ± 0.1 GUxHO— 0.71 ± 0.9— 0.45 ± 0.3 HOxBS— 0.05 ± 0.4— 0.14 ± 0.2 HOxJE— 0.04 ± 0.3— 0.07 ± 0.1 JExHO— 0.11 ± 0.2— 0.14 ± 0.1 JE sire— 0.19 ± 0.2— 0.21 ± 0.1***

ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (16)Melvin Tooker 2004 Calving Ease Conclusions  Jersey service sires had lower calving ease scores than other breeds over all lactations.  Holstein dams had slightly more difficulty than other breeds and breed crosses.  Modeling calving ease is complicated.  Only Holsteins are routinely evaluated.