Released Common Exam 2012 Eric Angat Teacher

Near-Faster Far-Slower

1. Which statement describes the motion of Earth around the sun? A. The speed of Earth is constant regardless of its distance from the sun. B. The speed of Earth is constant because the distance remains the same between Earth and the sun. C. Speed increases the farther Earth is from the sun and decreases the closer it is to the sun. D. Speed increases the closer Earth is to the sun and decreases the farther it is from the sun.

Earth is tilted at 23.5 degrees that results to our seasons. summer http://ashwinnarayan.blogspot.com/2009/12/tilt-of-earths-axis.html winter

If it is summer in the northern hemisphere, which statement is true? A. Earth has changed the tilt of its axis by 20 degrees due to its revolution. B. It is winter in the southern hemisphere due to the tilt of Earth’s axis. C. It is summer in the southern hemisphere due to the tilt of Earth’s axis. D. Earth has reached its closest point to the sun due to its revolution.

Combined gravity of the moon and the Sun results to higher high tide. Spring tide

3. How does a straight alignment between Earth, the sun, and the moon impact the tides on Earth? It produces the greatest change in high and low tides. B. It produces the least change in high and low tides. C. It produces semidiurnal tides. D. It produces diurnal tides.

Fission-splits Powers nuclear power plants Fusion-combines Powers the Sun

Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Fission Worldwide nuclear power plants near earthquake zones. Fuel: Uranium Powers the stars and nuclear bombs. Fuel: Hydrogen http://blog.joesonic.com/2011/03/worldwide-nuclear-power-plants-near.html Nuclear Bomb tested 450 x or more stronger than the atomic bomb. Atomic Bomb dropped in Horoshima and Nagasaki, Japan http://www.weather.gov.hk/education/dbcp/pow_stat/eng/r5.htm

4. Which describes the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion? Nuclear fission is the process that produces the radiant energy of stars, and nuclear fusion splits a heavier nucleus into smaller nuclei. B. Nuclear fission splits a heavier nucleus into smaller nuclei, and nuclear fusion is the process that produces the radiant energy of stars. C. Nuclear fission produces the energy in the core of Earth, and nuclear fusion produces energy in nuclear power plants. D. Nuclear fission produces energy in nuclear power plants, and nuclear fusion produces the energy in the core of Earth.

Sun’s heat travels in the form of electromagnetic Outer space Sun’s heat travels in the form of electromagnetic waves

5. How does heat from the sun get to Earth? by radiation, using electromagnetic waves to transfer the heat by convection, using liquids and gases to transfer the heat by conduction, using solids to transfer the heat D. by absorption, using primary waves to transfer the heat

Sunlight is used as energy for photosynthesis

6. Why do green plants require solar energy? A. to produce their own food B. to absorb nitrogen into their roots C. to release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere D. to decompose the dead or decaying remains of animals

Atlantic Ocean mid-ocean ridge Divergent boundary

7. Which structure can form as a result of a divergent plate boundary? a continental volcanic arc, due to the collision of two plates B. a continental mountain, due to the collision of two plates C. a mid-ocean ridge, due to the separation of two plates D. an ocean trench, due to the

Shallow focus means stronger earthquake Epicenter Seismic waves Focus shallow Focus deep

8. Which would produce the most severe earthquake damage along the surface of an earthquake with a deep focus and a magnitude of 2.5 an earthquake with a shallow focus and a magnitude of 2.5 magnitude of 4.5 a magnitude of 4.5

http://www.theimage.com/geology/notes15/index.html Calculate the distance and time of seismic waves to determine the epicenter of the earthquake. Where the three intersects is the epicenter.

9. How do scientists determine the location of the epicenter? A. by studying a graph showing the time differences between the seismic waves as they travel through Earth. B. by studying a graph showing the decrease in air pressure in higher altitudes.

Desert is type of biome that has little or no precipitation. Wind blows the sand Desert is type of biome that has little or no precipitation.

10. Which agent of erosion leads to the formation of sand dunes? A. ice B. wind C. water D. gravity

Water expands when it freezes causing frost wedging.

11. How can water be an agent for physical weathering? by absorbing gases from the atmosphere and ground to chemically react with minerals by seeping into the soil and dissolving the minerals in rocks C. by absorbing sulfur oxides and creating acid precipitation D. by seeping into the cracks of rocks and freezing

Flood plain artificial levees help prevent flooding

12. Which is most likely a prevention strategy for flooding? A. building artificial levees B. reducing water consumption C. recycling bottled-water containers D. building waste landfills for metals and other contaminants

No trees lead to erosion

13. How could the removal of trees and other vegetation impact an environment? by increasing oxygen production B. by increasing soil formation C. by increasing transpiration D. by increasing erosion

Sand stabilized shoreline – sand is added to prevent water from eroding properties http://geosyntheticsmagazine.com/articles/0606_f3_geotextile_tubes.html short-term solution Sand is easily eroded.

Riperian buffer stabilized shoreline stabilized shoreline – due to the presence of rocks and plants.

14. Large quantities of sand can be added to the beach to stabilize the shoreline. Which describes a disadvantage of this process? A. It causes inland erosion. B. It is a short-term solution. C. It creates a barrier that prevents the tides from occurring along the coastline. D. It creates a wall that disrupts the vegetation along the coastline.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas Water vapor Coal-fuel of coal plant Uranium-fuel of nuclear power plant Radiation danger

15. Which is an advantage of safely using uranium as an energy source rather than using coal? Uranium produces energy without polluting the atmosphere, while burning coal can increase the CO2 in the atmosphere. Uranium reduces the amount of thermal pollution, while burning coal can increase the amount of thermal pollution. Uranium is the most cost-efficient energy resource, while coal is the most expensive energy resource. Uranium can be easily mined from deep within Earth, while coal is a hard resource to mine from deep within Earth.

Uneven distribution of heat Results to Uneven distribution of heat Global ocean current

16. Which results from the unequal heating of the ocean water of Earth? A. a constant sea level B. changes in tidal patterns C. unchanging climate for all regions on Earth D. changes in ocean current patterns

Ocean currents distributes heat and coldness Ocean currents distributes heat and coldness. Like in sea breeze and land breeze

17. Why are ocean currents important to coastal regions? They produce high and low tides along coastal regions. They can warm or cool the air temperatures along coastal regions. They move vertically pushing warm water and nutrients to the surface along coastal regions. They increase the rate of precipitation as cold water moves along coastal regions.

Spring water- groundwater to move laterally and emerge onto the surface of Earth. Spring water does not come from lakes. It comes from groundwater. groundwater

18. Which is formed when a section of impermeable rock forces groundwater to move laterally and emerge onto the surface of Earth? A. a spring B. an aquifer C. a geyser D. a well

No precipitation means No infiltration and recharge of groundwater.

19. How could a long-term decrease in precipitation impact an area? It could increase the average water level of lakes in the area. It could increase the amount of flooding in the area. It could decrease the amount of possible infiltration in the area. It could decrease the possible amount of damage to crops in the area.

Higher population means more pollution and diseases.

20. Which consequence could an exponentially growing human population have on drinkable water? It could cause a decrease in the amount of waste and pollutants in the water supply. B. It could cause an increase in the amount of water available for the population. C. It could cause an increase in cases of waterborne diseases. D. It could cause a decrease in needing water for survival.

Reasons to build Dams Reserve water for human consumption during summer and drought. Produce electricity or Hydroelectricity Water storage

21. A local government is considering whether to build a dam 21. A local government is considering whether to build a dam. Which is an advantage of building this structure? It can decrease the accumulation of sediment in the water. B. It can improve the natural habitat of plants and animals. C. It is an inexpensive process. D. It can create a storage place for water. http://www.thewaterq.com/wnews1/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=138:causes-of-water-polution&catid=79:water-pollution&Itemid=422

Pipes to draw water from the aquifer. water. Aquifer or groundwater becomes salty and unusable. Saltwater intrusion to aquifer.

22. The drilling for freshwater increases along a coastal area 22. The drilling for freshwater increases along a coastal area. What is a likely consequence of this action? an intrusion of salt water into aquifers the loss of water resources in estuaries C. the destruction of estuaries because of an increase in sea levels D. a decrease in salt concentration in inlet waterways

Most abundant http://www.webinnate.co.uk/science/week2.htm

http://www. english-online http://www.english-online.at/geography/atmosphere/layers-of-the-atmosphere.htm weather

23. In which atmospheric layer of Earth do thunderstorms occur? A. thermosphere B. mesosphere C. stratosphere D. troposphere

sandy clay loam SILT CLAY SAND A soil with 30% clay, 50% sand, and 20% silt is called a ________________ .  sandy clay loam SILT CLAY http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/214.html SAND

24. A soil with 9 % clay, 67 % sand, and 23 % silt is called a ________________ .  http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/214.html

Air moves from High pressure to Low pressure http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7o.html

25. Which statement describes the general movement of air masses? They move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. altitude to areas of low altitude. They move from areas of low humidity to areas of high humidity. temperature to areas of high temperature.

Precipitation from pushed warm air. https://images.search.yahoo.com/r/_ylt=AwrTcYEbONVSA14A8cmjzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBtdXBkbHJyBHNlYwNmcC1hdHRyaWIEc2xrA3J1cmw-/SIG=14507mmre/EXP=1389734043/**http%3a//hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/dawsonrj/10%2520Science/weather/Air%2520Masses%2520and%2520%2520fronts%2520notes.htm Fast moving means it will be gone in a short period of time.

26. Which most likely occurs when a fast-moving cold air mass moves into a region of warmer, moist air? It causes light precipitation for a long period of time. B. It causes light precipitation for a short C. It causes heavy precipitation for a long D. It causes heavy precipitation for a short

Warm air mass carrying a lot of water vapor from the ocean form hurricanes. http://www.vnbaolut.com/stormfaq.html

Hurricane – USA, Typhoon- Philippines, Tropical cyclone-Autralia Warm water Warm and humid air http://www.vnbaolut.com/stormfaq.html

27. Which contributes to the formation of hurricanes during the late summer? the interaction between ocean water salinity and warm air masses currents and polar air masses temperatures and warm air masses salinity and ocean water density

Subtract the wet-bulb temperature from the dry-bulb temperature. Start with two thermometers, one dry and the other wet. Subtract the wet-bulb temperature from the dry-bulb temperature. 28 C 25 C Wet cloth Dry Bulb Thermometer 28 C – 25 C = Wet Bulb Thermometer 3 C

The relative humidity is 78%. Find this number at the top of the chart and place your finger on it. 3 C The relative humidity is 78%. 100% relative humidity means it is raining. Find the dry-bulb temperature in the first column on the left. 28 C 78

35% 52% 48% 50% 7 C 28. Find the relative humidity. 12 C Wet cloth Dry Bulb Thermometer Wet Bulb Thermometer

The relative humidity is 48%. 5 C Find this number at the top of the chart and place your finger on it. The relative humidity is 48%. 100% relative humidity means it is raining. 48 12 C Find the dry-bulb temperature in the first column on the left.

fridge Air conditioners Aerosols

29. Which can lead to the depletion of the ozone layer of Earth? A. coal-fired power plants B. vehicle exhaust C. burning compost D. aerosols

Condition of the atmosphere Years Day to day Condition of the atmosphere

30. How is climate different from weather? Climate is constantly changing, whereas weather changes slowly over time. Climate influences people’s daily activities, whereas weather influences people’s seasonal activities. Climate refers to the atmospheric conditions on a given date, whereas weather refers to the atmospheric conditions during a given season. Climate is based on observations made for a region over several years, whereas weather is based on day-to-day observations made for a region.

Urbanization The city develops a micro-climate because of the pollution. A microclimate is where the climate differs from the surrounding area. http://www.environmentteam.com/2010/03/10/solution-to-reduce-heat-in-urban-areas-white-colored-roofs/

Is climate different from the surrounding climate due to urbanization. Micro-climate Is climate different from the surrounding climate due to urbanization. Pollution http://www.new-learn.info/packages/clear/thermal/buildings/micro_climate/heat_islands.html

31. A local government voted against the large-scale development of buildings and roads in the area. What could have been the motive behind their decision? It could lead to a decrease in the average annual temperature in the area. It could lead to the formation of heat islands, which may impact the microclimate in the area. It could lead to the introduction of invasive species, which may impact the area. It could lead to a decrease in acid rain production in the area.

Alternative Energy creates less Pollution compared to fossil fuel.

32. A company has several factories around the world and has decided to transition from burning fossil fuels to using alternative energy resources. How could a decrease in burning fossil fuels impact the atmosphere? It could decrease the oxygen levels of the atmosphere. It could increase the nitrogen levels of the It could decrease the carbon dioxide levels of the atmosphere. It could increase the sulfur dioxide levels of the

Heated water or thermal pollution results to death or migration of fish.

33. Some factories can increase the amount of thermal pollution by dumping heated water into lakes and rivers. How can this type of pollution affect aquatic environments? It can reduce the number of aquatic species in the environment. It can increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the environment. It can reduce the decomposition rate of organisms in the environment. It can increase the life expectancy of animals in the aquatic environment.

Or suffer the consequences.

by decreasing erosion within coastal ecosystems 34. Since 1901, global surface temperatures have risen at an average rate of 0.13°F every ten years. In which way could the average increase in global temperatures influence Earth? by decreasing erosion within coastal ecosystems by decreasing periods of drought in all water systems by increasing the amount of flooding because of rising sea levels by increasing the formation of sea ice within polar regions

Non-living things Living things

35. Which example describes an abiotic factor that could impact the diversity of an ecosystem? An increase in prey can impact the number of predators in an ecosystem. The introduction of an invasive species can change the amount of available resources in an ecosystem. An increase in the amount of acid rain can change the pH of the soil in an ecosystem. D. The competition for food can impact the survival rate between members of the same species in an ecosystem.

KEY

1. Which statement describes the motion of Earth around the sun? A. The speed of Earth is constant regardless of its distance from the sun. B. The speed of Earth is constant because the distance remains the same between Earth and the sun. C. Speed increases the farther Earth is from the sun and decreases the closer it is to the sun. D. Speed increases the closer Earth is to the sun and decreases the farther it is from the sun.

If it is summer in the northern hemisphere, which statement is true? A. Earth has changed the tilt of its axis by 20 degrees due to its revolution. B. It is winter in the southern hemisphere due to the tilt of Earth’s axis. C. It is summer in the southern hemisphere due to the tilt of Earth’s axis. D. Earth has reached its closest point to the sun due to its revolution.

http://ashwinnarayan.blogspot.com/2009/12/tilt-of-earths-axis.html

3. How does a straight alignment between Earth, the sun, and the moon impact the tides on Earth? It produces the greatest change in high and low tides. B. It produces the least change in high and low tides. C. It produces semidiurnal tides. D. It produces diurnal tides.

4. Which describes the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion? Nuclear fission is the process that produces the radiant energy of stars, and nuclear fusion splits a heavier nucleus into smaller nuclei. B. Nuclear fission splits a heavier nucleus into smaller nuclei, and nuclear fusion is the process that produces the radiant energy of stars. C. Nuclear fission produces the energy in the core of Earth, and nuclear fusion produces energy in nuclear power plants. D. Nuclear fission produces energy in nuclear power plants, and nuclear fusion produces the energy in the core of Earth.

5. How does heat from the sun get to Earth? by radiation, using electromagnetic waves to transfer the heat by convection, using liquids and gases to transfer the heat by conduction, using solids to transfer the heat D. by absorption, using primary waves to transfer the heat

electromagnetic waves

6. Why do green plants require solar energy? A. to produce their own food B. to absorb nitrogen into their roots C. to release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere D. to decompose the dead or decaying remains of animals

7. Which structure can form as a result of a divergent plate boundary? a continental volcanic arc, due to the collision of two plates B. a continental mountain, due to the collision of two plates C. a mid-ocean ridge, due to the separation of two plates D. an ocean trench, due to the

mid-ocean ridge

8. Which would produce the most severe earthquake damage along the surface of an earthquake with a deep focus and a magnitude of 2.5 an earthquake with a shallow focus and a magnitude of 2.5 magnitude of 4.5 a magnitude of 4.5

9. How do scientists determine the location of the epicenter? A. by studying a graph showing the time differences between the seismic waves as they travel through Earth. B. by studying a graph showing the decrease in air pressure in higher altitudes.

http://www.theimage.com/geology/notes15/index.html

10. Which agent of erosion leads to the formation of sand dunes? A. ice B. wind C. water D. gravity

11. How can water be an agent for physical weathering? by absorbing gases from the atmosphere and ground to chemically react with minerals by seeping into the soil and dissolving the minerals in rocks C. by absorbing sulfur oxides and creating acid precipitation D. by seeping into the cracks of rocks and freezing

12. Which is most likely a prevention strategy for flooding? A. building artificial levees B. reducing water consumption C. recycling bottled-water containers D. building waste landfills for metals and other contaminants

artificial levees

13. How could the removal of trees and other vegetation impact an environment? by increasing oxygen production B. by increasing soil formation C. by increasing transpiration D. by increasing erosion

erosion

14. Large quantities of sand can be added to the beach to stabilize the shoreline. Which describes a disadvantage of this process? A. It causes inland erosion. B. It is a short-term solution. C. It creates a barrier that prevents the tides from occurring along the coastline. D. It creates a wall that disrupts the vegetation along the coastline.

stabilized the shoreline short-term solution

15. Which is an advantage of safely using uranium as an energy source rather than using coal? Uranium produces energy without polluting the atmosphere, while burning coal can increase the CO2 in the atmosphere. Uranium reduces the amount of thermal pollution, while burning coal can increase the amount of thermal pollution. Uranium is the most cost-efficient energy resource, while coal is the most expensive energy resource. Uranium can be easily mined from deep within Earth, while coal is a hard resource to mine from deep within Earth.

Coal-fuel of coal plant Carbon dioxide Water vapor Coal-fuel of coal plant Uranium-fuel of nuclear power plant

16. Which results from the unequal heating of the ocean water of Earth? A. a constant sea level B. changes in tidal patterns C. unchanging climate for all regions on Earth D. changes in ocean current patterns

17. Why are ocean currents important to coastal regions? They produce high and low tides along coastal regions. They can warm or cool the air temperatures along coastal regions. They move vertically pushing warm water and nutrients to the surface along coastal regions. They increase the rate of precipitation as cold water moves along coastal regions.

Ocean current distributes heat and coldness.

18. Which is formed when a section of impermeable rock forces groundwater to move laterally and emerge onto the surface of Earth? A. a spring B. an aquifer C. a geyser D. a well

Spring water- groundwater to move laterally and emerge onto the surface of Earth

19. How could a long-term decrease in precipitation impact an area? It could increase the average water level of lakes in the area. It could increase the amount of flooding in the area. It could decrease the amount of possible infiltration in the area. It could decrease the possible amount of damage to crops in the area.

No precipitation means No infiltration and recharge.

20. Which consequence could an exponentially growing human population have on drinkable water? It could cause a decrease in the amount of waste and pollutants in the water supply. B. It could cause an increase in the amount of water available for the population. C. It could cause an increase in cases of waterborne diseases. D. It could cause a decrease in needing water for survival.

21. A local government is considering whether to build a dam 21. A local government is considering whether to build a dam. Which is an advantage of building this structure? It can decrease the accumulation of sediment in the water. B. It can improve the natural habitat of plants and animals. C. It is an inexpensive process. D. It can create a storage place for water.

Reasons to build Dams Reserve water for human consumption during summer and drought. Produce electricity or Hydroelectricity

22. The drilling for freshwater increases along a coastal area 22. The drilling for freshwater increases along a coastal area. What is a likely consequence of this action? an intrusion of salt water into aquifers the loss of water resources in estuaries C. the destruction of estuaries because of an increase in sea levels D. a decrease in salt concentration in inlet waterways

Aquifer or groundwater becomes salty and become unusable.

23. In which atmospheric layer of Earth do thunderstorms occur? A. thermosphere B. mesosphere C. stratosphere D. troposphere

http://www. english-online http://www.english-online.at/geography/atmosphere/layers-of-the-atmosphere.htm

24. A soil with 9 % clay, 67 % sand, and 23 % silt is called a ________________ .  Sandy loam http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/214.html

25. Which statement describes the general movement of air masses? They move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. altitude to areas of low altitude. They move from areas of low humidity to areas of high humidity. temperature to areas of high temperature.

http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7o.html

26. Which most likely occurs when a fast-moving cold air mass moves into a region of warmer, moist air? It causes light precipitation for a long period of time. B. It causes light precipitation for a short C. It causes heavy precipitation for a long D. It causes heavy precipitation for a short

Precipitation from pushed warm air. Fast moving means it will be gone in a short period of time.

27. Which contributes to the formation of hurricanes during the late summer? the interaction between ocean water salinity and warm air masses currents and polar air masses temperatures and warm air masses salinity and ocean water density

Warm air mass carrying a lot of water vapor from the ocean form hurricanes. http://www.vnbaolut.com/stormfaq.html

7 C 28. Find the relative humidity. 12 C 12 C – 7 C = 5 C Wet cloth Dry Bulb Thermometer 12 C – 7 C = Wet Bulb Thermometer 5 C

The relative humidity is 48%. 5 C Find this number at the top of the chart and place your finger on it. The relative humidity is 48%. When the relative humidity is 100% then it is raining. 48 12 C Find the dry-bulb temperature in the first column on the left.

Hurricane – USA, Typhoon- Philippines, Tropical cyclone-Australia http://www.vnbaolut.com/stormfaq.html

29. Which can lead to the depletion of the ozone layer of Earth? A. coal-fired power plants B. vehicle exhaust C. burning compost D. aerosols

fridge Air conditioners Aerosols

30. How is climate different from weather? Climate is constantly changing, whereas weather changes slowly over time. Climate influences people’s daily activities, whereas weather influences people’s seasonal activities. Climate refers to the atmospheric conditions on a given date, whereas weather refers to the atmospheric conditions during a given season. Climate is based on observations made for a region over several years, whereas weather is based on day-to-day observations made for a region.

Condition of the atmosphere Years Day to day Condition of the atmosphere

31. A local government voted against the large-scale development of buildings and roads in the area. What could have been the motive behind their decision? It could lead to a decrease in the average annual temperature in the area. It could lead to the formation of heat islands, which may impact the microclimate in the area. It could lead to the introduction of invasive species, which may impact the area. It could lead to a decrease in acid rain production in the area.

Micro-climate http://www.new-learn.info/packages/clear/thermal/buildings/micro_climate/heat_islands.html

32. A company has several factories around the world and has decided to transition from burning fossil fuels to using alternative energy resources. How could a decrease in burning fossil fuels impact the atmosphere? It could decrease the oxygen levels of the atmosphere. It could increase the nitrogen levels of the It could decrease the carbon dioxide levels of the atmosphere. It could increase the sulfur dioxide levels of the

Alternative Energy creates less Pollution compared to fossil fuel.

33. Some factories can increase the amount of thermal pollution by dumping heated water into lakes and rivers. How can this type of pollution affect aquatic environments? It can reduce the number of aquatic species in the environment. It can increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the environment. It can reduce the decomposition rate of organisms in the environment. It can increase the life expectancy of animals in the aquatic environment.

Heated water results to death or migration of fish.

by decreasing erosion within coastal ecosystems 34. Since 1901, global surface temperatures have risen at an average rate of 0.13°F every ten years. In which way could the average increase in global temperatures influence Earth? by decreasing erosion within coastal ecosystems by decreasing periods of drought in all water systems by increasing the amount of flooding because of rising sea levels by increasing the formation of sea ice within polar regions

35. Which example describes an abiotic factor that could impact the diversity of an ecosystem? An increase in prey can impact the number of predators in an ecosystem. The introduction of an invasive species can change the amount of available resources in an ecosystem. An increase in the amount of acid rain can change the pH of the soil in an ecosystem. D. The competition for food can impact the survival rate between members of the same species in an ecosystem.