1. Unit 12 Name: ________________________ Notes Packet Unit 12 – Weather Variables What’s the weather today?

2. Today’s Objective: What are the Major Layers of the Atmosphere? The Atmosphere: - is the layer of ___________________________________. - The atmosphere ________________ as you travel _____________ from Earth until there are too few gas molecules to detect. Pressure Changes How do changes in air pressure at low altitudes compare with air pressure changes at high altitudes? Atmospheric pressure - _____________________________ ____________________________. Temperature Changes - Temperature _______________ within each layer of the atmosphere. This information can be found on _________________

3. Layers of the Atmosphere Troposphere : - 0 to 14 km - __________________________________________________________ - Temperature _____________________ as you rise higher Stratosphere : - 14 to 50 km - Contains Ozone Layer  _____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ - ozone depletion – ________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ -Contains ______________; which are high speed winds that influence ____________________________________ -Temperature _____________________ as you rise higher. Mesosphere: –50 to 80 km –Meteoroids ___________________________________________________ “shooting stars” –Temp. ___________________ as you rise higher.

4. Thermosphere: –above 80 - 600 km –Contains “_____________” AKA ________________________________________________________ –Temperature __________________ as you rise higher. –Contains the ___________________________ which influences ____________________________________. Exosphere: - Greater than 600 km - It is where the atmosphere meets outer space Directions: Label each of earth’s layers with their important features

5. Today’s Objective: What Features Allow Earth To Support Life? Life and the Atmosphere The Earth’s original atmosphere was made up of gases similar to those released in ____________________________ – water vapor, carbon dioxide & nitrogen. Later, primitive organisms evolved that used ______________________ and released ______________________. Composition of Atmosphere __________________ and ______________ gases make up 99%. Gases in the atmosphere today can be found __________ What features does Earth have that allow it to support life? _________________________________

6. What determines the temperature of a planet? _________________________________________________. _________________ and ____________________ of the atmosphere. The Other 1 Percent of the Atmosphere Water Vapor: - source of all ______________ _______________________. - _______________________ (from earth & sun) Dust Particles: _____________________________ ______________________________ Ozone: - form of __________ that combines 3 oxygen atoms into each molecule (O 3 ). What do you think could happen if there was no ozone? Human Influence on the Atmosphere: - ___________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ What changes can “we” make to help our atmosphere?

7. Today’s Objective: How are Heat and Temperature Related? Do Now: What is the difference between temperature and heat ? Vocabulary – Heat - _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ -Heat moves from _____________________________________. Temperature - ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ -Temperature conversions can be found ________________________ Now Try These... 1.At what temperature does water boil? __________ O C __________ O F __________ K 2.What is room temperature? __________ O C __________ O F __________ K 3.At what temperature does water freeze? __________ O C __________ O F __________ K 4.What temperature is the same on both the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales ________________________

8. Three Methods Of Energy Transfer: Conduction - - Radiation - - _________________ _________________ _________________ Convection - - _________________ _________________ _________________ 1.Which type of radiation has the shortest wavelength? 2.What color has the shortest wavelength? 3.What is the basic difference between ultraviolet, visible light, and radio waves?

9. Do Now: What is the most important gas in atmosphere? Phase Changes: In the boxes for each phase draw a small picture of how the molecules are arranged. THEN label the arrows with the name of the phase change that is occurring. Today’s Objective: What Happens During a Change of State? Latent Heat- ______________ _______________________ _______________________ ** There is _____________ in temperature during a phase change ** Phase Change Graph

10. Properties of Water: - Can be found on _____________________ Now Try These... 1.Which phase change requires water to gain 2260 J/g? 2.During which phase change of water is the most energy released into the environment? 3.The least amount of latent heat is absorbed by water during which phase change? 4.The greatest amount of energy would be released by 1,000 grams of water when it changes from what to what? 5.During which process would 1 gram of eater gain the most energy? 6.Explain what happens to water when it releases 334 J/g of energy. - __________________________ and __________________ GAIN heat - _______________________ and __________________ LOSE heat

11. Today’s Objective: What are the Effects of Air Pressure on Weather? Air Pressure: _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Factors that Affect Pressure Altitude Air becomes ______________ with increasing altitude Pressure ALWAYS ____________ as you move up in the atmosphere. Temperature Warm Air ________________________________ Cold Air ________________________________

12. Humidity Humid air is ______________________________. Lighter means it has ________________________________________.. Air Pressure is measured using a ____________________________. **When air pressure ___________, the mercury in the tube ____________. ** **When air pressure __________________, so does the height of the mercury column.** ** An increasing barometer means the weather will be _______________________________. ** A decreasing barometer means the weather will be __________________________________.

13. Today’s Objective: How Are Relative Humidity And Dew Point Related? Do Now: Describe everything that comes to mind when someone says it’s humid. Humidity – is a measure of how much _________________________________ ** Warmer air can hold __________ water vapor than cooler air.** Relative Humidity (RH) – ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Since warm air expands it can _____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Saturation: O ccurs when the air contains the __________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ **When saturated, warm air _______________________________________________________________.**

14. When the Relative Humidity is 100% the air is ______________________ ____________________ may occur. The Relative Humidity changes when: Water vapor ___________________________ the air. ____________________________________________. Precipitation takes _______________________________ Evaporation puts _______________________________ The Dew Point Temperature is the __________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ (______________________________) When temp is less then DP __________________ __________________ When temp is more the DP __________________ __________________

15. The closer the air temperature is to the dewpoint temp : _______________________________________________ Relative Humidity and Dewpoint charts : Can be found on _________________ Dry bulb is the __________________________________________ Wet bulb is the __________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Wet bulb depression is the _______________________________, it tells how much evaporation has occurred

16. Today’s Objective: How are Clouds Formed? Formation of Clouds 1. Form when air rises in the atmosphere and ___________________________ _____________________________________________________________________. 2. Liquid water condenses around ______________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Tiny droplets then float in the air Orographic lifting: occurs when mountains ______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ As air is pushed over the mountain, ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Leeward __________ & __________ Windward __________ & __________ ** When air expands, ______________, and when it’s compressed, ________________. **

17. Today’s Objective: How Do Pressure Systems Cause Winds? Wind – ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Air moves from ______________________________________ Pressure Systems High Pressure System (AKA _________________________ ) Cool dry air ___________________ Wind blows ___________________ and ____________ Low Pressure System (AKA _________________________ ) Humid dry air ________________ Wind blows ___________________ and ____________

18. How is Wind Measured? There are two basic wind measurements: ____ ___________ & _____________ Wind Direction Measured using a _______________________ If it blows more often from one direction it is called a _____________________________ In the US, the westerlies consistently move weather ________________ Wind Speed Measured using an ______________________

19. Today’s Objective: What Causes Local Winds? Local winds are caused by _____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Example - ___________________________________ Specific Heat – Specific heat is _ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Every object has it’s own specific heat listed on ______________ Liquid water has the ___________ specific heat This mean, water needs _______________________________ _______________________________ to heat up or cool down. Sea Breeze _______________________________ ______________________________ The air flows from _____________ _______________________________

20. Land Breeze _______________________________ ______________________________ The air flows from _____________ _______________________________

21. Today’s Objective: What Causes Global Winds? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ These winds blow _____________________________________________ At the equator, ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ At the poles, __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Wind is named based on _______________________________________ Planetary winds can be found on ___________________________ These winds do NOT travel in a straight path because of the ____________________________ The Coriolis Effect – Is cause by ______________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ Is responsible for _______________ _________________________________ In the Northern Hemisphere _____ _________________________________ In the Southern Hemisphere _____ _________________________________

22. Today’s Objective: What Causes Surface Ocean Currents? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Everything you need to know about ocean currents can be found on ______________________ Try these.... 1.Name a warm current that runs along the west coast of Asia ________________________________ 2.Name a cold current that runs around the southern portion of the globe. __________________________________ 3.Name a cold current that flows towards the equator on the east coast of Africa. __________________________________