A centre of expertise in digital information management UKOLN is supported by: The Tools of our Trade: AACR2/RDA and MARC Ann Chapman Policy & Advice Team

A centre of expertise in digital information management What are our Tools? AACR/RDA = content standard for resource description and access MARC = communication and exchange format providing a structure for encoding the content of bibliographic and authority data Related to: ISBD = rules that organise the bibliographic description of an item in a catalogue FRBR = a entity-relational model of the data required to find, identify, select and obtain resources

A centre of expertise in digital information management ISBDs International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions Developed 1969 onwards by IFLA Defined seven areas of description and their order –Title –Statement of Responsibility –Edition –Resource specific information –Publication details –Physical description –Series information –Notes and standard identifiers

A centre of expertise in digital information management FRBR Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records IFLA study 1998 Entity-relationship model that defines: –Tasks: find, identify, select, obtain –Resource relationships: work, expression, manifestation, item –Entities: people, corporate bodies –Entities: concepts, objects, events, places

A centre of expertise in digital information management AACR Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules –A content standard for bibliographic description and access –Bibliographic – not just books Key principles –One principle entry per resource –Catalogue from item in hand –Chief source of information

A centre of expertise in digital information management AACR timeline 1967 UK and US editions nd unified edition, consistent with ISBDs 1997 Toronto conference on AACR FRBR 2005 RDA instead of AACR RDA launch (provisional)

A centre of expertise in digital information management AACR 2 Part 1: Description –Chapter 1: General rules –Chapters 2 -12: Resource type - specific rules –Chapter 13: Analytic entries Part 2: Headings, Uniform Titles, References –Chapter 21: Choice of access points –Chapters 22 – 26: Construction of access points Appendices –A: Capitalisation, B: Abbreviations, C: Numerals, D: Glossary, E: Initial articles

A centre of expertise in digital information management What’s wrong with AACR? Increasingly complex Lack of logical structure Mixing content and carrier data Seriality and hierarchical relationships Anglo-American centric viewpoint Written before FRBR Not enough support for collocation Unclear relationship with MARC Format

A centre of expertise in digital information management RDA – The Aims Rules should be easy to use and interpret Be applicable to an online, networked environment Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of media Encourage use beyond the library community Be compatible with other similar standards Have a logical structure based on internationally agreed principles Separate content and carrier data Contain more & more suitably chosen examples

A centre of expertise in digital information management How is RDA being developed? Joint Steering Committee (JSC) ACOC, ALA, BL, CCC, CILIP, LC Editor: Tom Delsey Task focused working groups –GMD/SMD, Examples Draft – responses – revised drafts – responses/acceptance Final product – the publishers

A centre of expertise in digital information management RDA Timelime 2005 –Prospectus issued –Draft of Part A, chapters 1,2,4,5 –Content and carrier studies 2006 –Drafts of chapters 3, 6, –Finalise Part A –Part B: Access point control –Appendices and glossary 2008 –Initial release (summer, IFLA conference?)

A centre of expertise in digital information management RDA Structure - 1 Part A: Description –Ch. 1 General guidelines –Ch. 2 Identification of the resource –Ch. 3 Technical description –Ch. 4 Content description –Ch. 5 Terms of availability, etc. –Ch. 6 Persons, families and corporate bodies associated with a resource –Ch. 7 Related resources

A centre of expertise in digital information management RDA Structure: 2 Part B: Access point control Appendices –Capitalisation –Abbreviation –Numbers –Initial articles –Display standards & ISBDs –Glossary

A centre of expertise in digital information management RDA – What will it be? An online resource, potentially: –Complete text –Concise text –Tailored texts (law, medical, etc.) –Training material –Incorporated into LMS cataloguing modules Loose-leaf print version(s)

A centre of expertise in digital information management RDA and beyond RDA aims to be: – Independent of communication formats UNIMARC, MARC, MARCXML, MODS/MADS DC, EAD, ISBD, VRA, MPEG7 –Compatible / better aligned with other similar standards Archives: ISAD(G) Museums: Cataloging Cultural Objects

A centre of expertise in digital information management RDA and MARC Mapping RDA and MARC 21 –Report issued in Nov and discussed at MARBI Midwinter 2007 How will RDA impact on MARC 21? –Are new fields or subfields needed? How will MARC 21 impact on RDA? –Data provisions in MARC 21 not covered in current draft of RDA

A centre of expertise in digital information management MARC – 1960s –Library of Congress project Database of catalogue records Production of catalogue cards –US & UK versions Reflected differing cataloguing practices Developed in parallel but not identical ways

A centre of expertise in digital information management MARC – 1970s Variant formats developed Based on either US or UK formats (AUSMARC, DANMARC, KORMARC, etc.) USMARC developed 8 material formats (Books, Serials, Maps, etc.) UNIMARC developed in 1977 by IFLA Intended as exchange format Used as the Bib format in some countries (e.g. France)

A centre of expertise in digital information management MARC – Recent changes Expansion of USMARC to a family of formats –Bibliographic, Holdings, Authority, Classification, Community Information Integration of USMARC bibliographic format –Previous 8 formats integrated Widespread adoption of MARC 21 –Some countries simply adopt USMARC –1997 – USMARC & CANMARC become MARC 21 –2003/4 – MARC 21 enhanced by UK proposals; British Library adopts MARC 21 –2006/7 – Germany considering move from MAB to MARC 21

A centre of expertise in digital information management MARC Structure Leader 0xx – control numbers, coded data 1xx – primary access point 2xx – description, GMD, edition, publication 3xx – physical description 4xx – series 5xx – notes 6xx – subject access points 7xx – additional access points 8xx – series added entries 9xx – local fields

A centre of expertise in digital information management Maintaining MARC 21 Twice yearly MARBI meetings –Discussion papers –Proposals UK and MARC 21 –BIC Bibliographic Standards Group

A centre of expertise in digital information management MARC and XML MARC has alpha-numeric 3-digit tags –100.1 Personal Name –245 $a Title $b Subtitle XML has element labels –

A centre of expertise in digital information management Looking into the crystal ball FRBR –Potential influence on cataloguing systems –Authority records, uniform titles, work records OPACs –Multiple interfaces for different audiences –Enhance for accessibility - supports all users –Links (actual resources, restrictions, supporting or associated resources) RDA –Used outside the library domain

A centre of expertise in digital information management Contact details Ann Chapman