Goal 9 Part s Culture and Business Practices under Calvin Coolidge

Calvin Coolidge Main ideas:  PRO-BUSINESS  Believed in Laissez-Faire  High Tariffs – leads to better American businesses

Impact of the Automobile (1920s) CHANGED everything! *The Automobile liberated isolated families, increased mobility (vacation) Gave people the chance to work at jobs miles away from their home, resulting in URBAN SPRAWL - (Cities grow in every direction)

“Roaring Twenties” Why ROARING???? VERY PROSPEROUS / CHANGE!!!!! People’s income rose more than 35%...more money…buy a bunch of junk! Businesses boomed! 1920’s = Superficial prosperity will “catch up” to America Superficial Prosperity causes the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and Great Depression of (1930s)

Buying Goods on EASY Credit “Installment Plan” allows people to buy goods on “credit”, without putting a large amount of money down (superficial prosperity) Banks: low interest rates Economists: got worried!  Americans didn’t listen: Remember: War is over, we won…life is good…let’s spend money!!!!

Prohibition Experiment 18 th Amendment Reminder: Prohibition – the manufacturing, sale, and transportation of alcohol was illegal Mainly supported by: Rural Protestants People still want alcohol! SO….as a result = Speakeasies and Bootleggers, Organized Crime 18 th Amendment lasted until 1933, when it was repealed by the 21 st Amendment (taxed alcohol) PROHIBITION CAUSES THE CREATION OF (1) Speakeasies (2) Bootlegging (3) Gangsters

Speakeasies & Bootleggers Speakeasies: To obtain liquor illegally, drinkers went to these secret underground bars Speak quietly…password Bootleggers: liquor smugglers – got liquor from Cuba and Canada and snuck it into the U.S.

Organized Crime Prohibition generated a total “disrespect” for law = Organized Crime Al Capone  Chicago gangster & bootlegger  Literally killed his competition (522 people)

Science vs. Religion (Traditional vs. Modern lifestyles) American Fundamentalism: Protestants that believed in EVERY SINGLE WORD of the Bible; denoted scientific findings of the 1920s (rejection of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution) Biggest clash between Science and Religion = The Scopes Trial

Scopes Trial / Monkey Trial (1925) Tennessee passed a state law = if you teach evolution = CRIME! American Civil Liberties Union *ACLU* - claims they will defend teachers that teach evolution in Tenn. Story: John T. Scopes – teacher that teaches evolution in Dayton, Tenn. Scopes was caught teaching evolution and arrested

Darrow vs. Bryan ACLU hired Clarence Darrow to serve as the defense lawyer William Jennings Bryan (fundamentalist) served as the prosecutor Trial: July 10, 1925 Verdict: Butler Act until 1967 / Scopes is guilty and fined $100 Most Important : The two groups that clashed over the Scopes Trial (1925) would be (1) Science (2) Religion

The Twenties Woman THE “FLAPPER” an emancipated woman in the 1920s that embraced the new fashions of the 1920s / * a challenge to traditional roles/values of women

THE CHARLESTON

1920s Hero Charles Lindbergh  Small-town pilot who made the first nonstop flight over the Atlantic Ocean (from New York to Paris)  Paid $25,000  Plane: Spirit of the St. Louis

Entertainment and the Arts The Jazz Singer – 1 st movie with “sound” (ended the silent film era) – “TALKIES” Steamboat Willie – 1 st animated film with “sound” Georgia O’Keefe – painted landscapes of New York

Writers of the 1920s *These writers are important because they are writing about what is going on in America at the “TIME THEY ARE WRITING” Sinclair Lewis : 1 st American to win the Nobel Prize  Famous Novel: Babbit – ridiculed Americans for their conformity! F. Scott Fitzgerald: coined the phrase “JAZZ AGE” to describe the 1920s Famous Novel: The Great Gatsby – revealed the negative side of the 1920s period of freedom

Writers of the 1920s Ernest Hemingway  Novel: A Sun Also Rises - criticized the glorification of war  Introduced the term “Lost Generation” – defines a sense of moral loss or aimlessness apparent in literary figures during the 1920s.  Fight…return….lost

T.Q. The passage of the 18 th Amendment was a victory for which group? A. Rural Protestants B. Catholic immigrants C. Urban residents D. Career criminals