1. Bellringer (03/7/17) What was the Red Scare? What caused it?
What were the Palmer Raids?
How was immigration affected by nativism in the 1920s?

2. Today’s Class (03/7/17) Outcome: Agenda:
Be able to analyze cultural and social changes in America during the 1920s.
Agenda:
Bellringer
Notes: Social & Cultural Changes in 1920s
Scopes Trial Primary Source Reading/questions
You will need a blank piece of paper for this activity
Scopes Trial YouTube Summary

3. Social and Cultural Changes in the 1920s
Rural v. Urban
Modern v. Traditional
Science v. Religion

4. Rural to Urban Migration
The 1920 census showed more than 50% of Americans lived in urban areas.
Urbanization affected people’s attitudes and morals.
Examples – drinking, gambling, casual dating all common in cities that were sinful in small towns.
Urban areas had a more diverse population of ethnicities and were less personal than small towns.
The 1920s saw America caught between rural, small town values like hard work and strict morals and the big-city world of moneymakers and pleasure seekers.

5. Daisy of The Great Gatsby
The Twenties Woman
In the 1920s, women began to assert their independence, rejected 19th century values, and demanded the same freedoms as men.
These new women who embraced new fashions and urban attitudes were known as flappers.
Flappers often wore bobbed hair, smoked cigarettes, drank in public, and wore shorter skirts.
The booming economy of the 1920s offered employment opportunities for women as clerks, typists, and secretarial jobs.
Daisy of The Great Gatsby

6. Science and Religion Clash
Battles between religious groups and scientific community showed growing rift between traditional and modern ideas.
Protestant movement arose – fundamentalism, belief in a literal interpretation of the Bible.
Opposed new morals of 1920s and criticized the changing attitudes of women.
Fundamentalists rejected the theory of evolution in favor of Bible’s account of creation.

7. Strikes during the Red Scare Societal changes during Fundamentalism
Similarities?
Strikes during the Red Scare
Societal changes during Fundamentalism

8. Darrow (left) & Bryan (right)
Scopes Trial
In March 1925, Tennessee passed the Butler Act, which made it a crime to teach evolution in schools.
The American Civil Liberties Union made a pledge to defend any teacher who challenged the law.
John Scopes, a biology teacher in Dayton, TN, accepted the challenge and was arrested.
Scopes was represented in court by Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan represented the prosecution.
John Scopes
Darrow (left) & Bryan (right)

9. Scopes Trial Primary Documents
Textbook – A Civic Biology, 1925
How does this textbook explain where man came from?
Why might people in TN in 1925 have wanted to outlaw this textbook?

10. Scopes Trial Primary Documents
Document A: Sparks Letter to the Editor
Why does Ms. Sparks care about what is taught in schools?
What is Ms. Sparks referring to when she says “these times of materialism?”
Why does Ms. Sparks believe evolution is such a threat?

11. Scopes Trial Primary Documents
Document B – Malone’s Trial Speech
The courtroom audience mostly supported Bryan and the Butler Act. Why do you think they applauded Malone’s speech?
Why does Malone think science is so important?
What is Malone referring to when he says “civilization is not so proud of the work of the adults?”

12. Scopes Trial Primary Documents
Document C: Reverend Straton Article
What words does Straton use to show that he likes small towns?
According to Straton, what are signs of corruption in New York and Chicago?

13. Scopes Trial Primary Documents
Document D: New York Times Article
What was New York City like in the 1920s? Why might the New York Times look down on Dayton, TN?
How does the New York Times describe the scene in Dayton?

14. Scopes Trial Summary

15. How was the Scopes Trial more than just a debate over the teaching of evolution?

16. Debate Over Prohibition
Clash over alcohol showed divide between small-town and big-city Americans.
Rural folk saw liquor as a cause of corruption, crime, and family problems.
Urban residents, primarily immigrants, saw drinking as a social activity and resented government controlling their morals.
18th Amendment - prohibited manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol.
Called “the noble experiment.”

17. Problems of Prohibition
Enforcement of Prohibition by federal government was underfunded; only 1,500 agents for entire country.
Private saloons known as speakeasies served alcohol – required passwords or membership cards to get in.
100,000 in New York City alone
Bootleggers smuggled in alcohol from outside the country and distilled alcohol in their own stills.
Organized crime increased and violence between rival gangs over control of illegal alcohol sales plagued cities.
By the mid-1920s, only 19% of Americans supported Prohibition.