Gene therapy and viral vectors

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Option F: Microbes and Biotechnology F.3 Microbes and Biotechnology.

Advertisements

HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS. Characteristics of HSV DNA double stranded virus, linear Kb long, relatively big Enveloped Virion size 200 nm, relatively.

Newer cancer therapies immunotherapy angiotherapy gene therapy.

Viruses and Gene Therapy

GENE THERAPY. In humans Cancer 69% General concerns The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not yet approved any human gene therapy product for sale.

1 Pathogenic Viruses Name of virus; what family it belongs to; what disease it causes. –DNA or RNA? Ss or ds? –Characteristics of disease, symptoms. –Viral.

Cancer Gene Therapy …Using Tumor Suppressor Genes.

HAPPY THURSDAY Bellwork: What is a virus? How do viruses make us sick? How are viral infections treated? Can viral infections be prevented? Write 37 words.

KEY CONCEPT Genetics provides a basis for new medical treatments.

Chapter 14: Animal Viruses

CHAPTER 19 BACTERIA AND VIRUSES.

1 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions. 2 Are Viruses Living or Non-living? Viruses are both and neither They have some properties of life but not others For.

VIRUSES Chapter 24 Video.

Oncolytic Viruses “Onco” = cancer “Lytic” = killing An innovative cancer therapy that seeks to harness the natural properties of viruses to aid in the.

1 What are Viruses? Obligate intracellular parasites Viral components –Nucleic acids –Capsid –Envelope.

VIRUSES Tobacco mosaic virus Influenza virus Adenovirus Bacteriophage.

Chapter 24 Video.  Computer Viruses?  Not in the scope of this class. They behave similarly, but are not at all related.

SC121 Unit Three Karma Pace, MS AIM: kpacemcduffy.

Viral Replication. In order to reproduce a virus must invade or infect a living host cell. To infect a cell, the virus must first attach to it. This attachment.

An Introduction. What is a virus?  People are generally familiar with viruses, because they know that viruses make them sick.  Do you know what a virus.

Herpesviridae and You Adrienne Manuel I400. THE Immune system: a brief overview For Humans and animals to have maximum health, their bodies needs defense.

Viruses. Biology of Viruses Structure of Viruses: Size -Less then 0.2 microns Parts of the Virus 1)Capsid: -Made of protein subunits 2) Inner core: made.

Viruses. Relative sizes  Viruses are one of the smallest biological structures known  Between 20 and 50 nanometers in size.  The average animal cell.

Gene Therapy By: Chris Smith and Darran Prewitt. What is gene therapy? Why is it used? Gene therapy = Introduction of normal genes into cells that contain.

Viruses Viruses are very small Anatomy of a Virus.

Lecture 28 Genetics of Cancer Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education Inc.

Viruses Virus: A noncellular particle composed of genetic material that can invade living cells. –Viruses are considered by most to be non- living since.

Viral Cycles: Lytic Lysogenic

Viruses Ebola Influenza Rabies HIV West Nile Virus.

Chapter 19.  Non-living ◦ Non-cellular ◦ Cannot grow or reproduce on its own ◦ No metabolism  Cause disease ◦ AIDS, colds, flu, measles, mono  Cause.

Use the picture and this information to help you make your decision: 1.Viruses contain RNA or DNA 2.Viruses cannot replicate on their own, they must use.

In most gene therapy studies, a "normal" gene is inserted into the genome to replace an "abnormal," disease-causing gene. A carrier molecule called a.

Other biological particles.   Non-cellular infectious agent  Characteristics of all viruses  1) protein coat wrapped around DNA or RNA  2) cannot.

Gene Therapy and Viral Vector Lecture 4. Cystic Fibrosis Average life span:25-30 years.

1 NOTES: VIRUSES. 2  Vocabulary –Virus –Capsid –Lytic cycle –Lysogenic cycle –Retrovirus  Key Concepts –What is a virus? –How do viruses reproduce?

Viruses. Video Viruses Unit 5 - Viruses and Bacteria (Ch. 18) 1.Identify the major components of a Bacterium and Viruses 2.List the two major stages.

copyright cmassengale

Chapter 7-Vaccines Vaccination Current and future vaccines

Human Health and Disease

Life’s Structure and Classification

VIRUSES CHAPTER 10.

Gene therapy and viral vectors

Virology Introduction Viral Structure Bacteriophage Replication

VIRUSES Nature’s Robots

Agenda 4/10 Biotech Intro Uses for Bacteria and Viruses

Viruses Chapter 19.

KEY CONCEPT Genetics provides a basis for new medical treatments.

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Viruses Chapter 18, Section 2.

VIRUSES Nature’s Robots

General Characteristics Non-Living/Living ? Contain strand of genetic material: DNA/RNA Encased in a Protein Coat: Capsid Have structures for attachment.

KEY CONCEPT Genetics provides a basis for new medical treatments.

KEY CONCEPT Genetics provides a basis for new medical treatments.

Viruses What are the characteristics of living organisms?

Agenda 4/8 Biotech Intro Uses for Bacteria and Viruses

KEY CONCEPT Genetics provides a basis for new medical treatments.

KEY CONCEPT Genetics provides a basis for new medical treatments.

KEY CONCEPT Genetics provides a basis for new medical treatments.

Presentation transcript:

Gene therapy and viral vectors

Herpes Simplex Virus Herpes Simplex Virus Type (HSV) is a double stranded DNA virus that belongs to Herpesviridae family. It contains three main structural components. A central core holds the viral DNA, an inner core is surrounded by an envelope that is made of viral glycoproteins and a capsid. The tegument is located between the capsid and the envelope and various proteins that are delivered into the infected cell upon cell fusion.

The herpes family of viruses consists of three families of viruses; Alphaherpesviridae, Betaherpesviridae, and Gammaherpesviridae. Among these families are many commonly known viruses that are causative agents of many diseases, such as HSV-1 and HSV-2 for cold sores and genital warts, varicella zoster for chickenpox. Herpes virsues also tend to have latent, recurring infections in the infected organisms, where the virus remains in some part of the infected organism. Herpes family viruses are incredibly common, with at least 90% of people within the United States having been infected with at least one form of Herpesviridae.

Life Cycle of Herpes Virus http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/ animations/content/herpessimplex.html

Herpes Simplex Viral Vector Some of the more important drawbacks Immunogenecity of the particle Packaging constraints Long term maintenance of the genetic material Random integration

Cancer cell therapy with HSV HSV has many traits that make it desirable as a treatment vector; HSV can infect a wide variety of cell types, the normal replication cycle of HSV causes cells to lyse (killing cancerous cells), The HSV genome has many genes that are non-essential to replication that can be replaced with therapeutic genes, there are already many pharmaceutical options that can be used to control against unwanted replication of the virus, and the viral genome remains as an intact plasmid within the cell nucleus which protects against unwanted insertion of viral DNA into the host genome. HSV viruses were re-engineered to express cytotoxic genes or genes to stimulate immune response. The effectiveness of HSV as a treatment vector increased when used in conjunction with other cancer therapies such as radiation treatment and chemotherapy. Three strains of re-engineered HSV, designated G207, 1716, and NV1020, were put through Phase I clinical trials in 2002. There were no negative effects attributed to the virus. These strains were effective in the treatment of a variety of tumors in mice, including breast, prostate, colon, and pancreatic cancer, as well as rarer cancers. (Varghese, 2002).

Phases of clinical trial

Population size in clinical trials

Assignment Group 1: AIDS/HIV Group2: Arthritis Group 3: Hemophilia Group 4: Hypertension Group 5: Diabetes Group 6: Hepatitis Group 7: Cancer (Any type) Group 8: Cancer (Any type)

Topics to be covered in the assignment Introduction of the disease or disorder Type(s) of mutations involved Conventional treatment Type of vector The procedure of gene therapy History of clinical trials At which phase of clinical trial the treatment is undergoing? Is it commercially available? Deadline : 30 Oct