Chapter 2 Principles and Methods of Drug Administration

Nursing Process ADPIE p38-39 NANDA – NIC (nursing interventions classification) – NOC (nursing outcomes classification) Functions in nursing process – Assessment – Nursing diagnosis – Planning – Implementation – Evaluation 2 - 2

Administering Medication p40 Assessment – Allergies – Medication history Planning – Gather all supplies Implementation – Rights of medication administration Evaluation – Documentation of med effects

The Five (or Seven) Rights of Medications p Right drug 2. Right dose 3. Right client 4. Right time 5. Right route 6. Right documentation 7. Client’s right to refuse

Abbreviations p a.c. = before meals bid = twice a day g = gram gr = grain gtt = drop h = hour IM = intramuscularly IV = intravenously kvo = keep vein open mEq = milliequivalents mg = milligram p.c. = after meals po = by mouth prn = as needed qid = four times a day sub q = subcutaneously SL = sublingually stat = immediately tab = tablet tid = three times a day 2 - 5

Oral administration route p53 See table 2-6 page 53 for guidelines for administration of oral medication 2 - 6

Oral liquid meds p 54 Measure volume of liquid med at lowest point of the meniscus. Keep med cup at eye level. Sit med cup on a level surface for measuring

Parenteral Medications p54-59 Route other than intestinal tract – Intramuscular administration (IM) Z track – Subcutaneous administration (sub q) – Intradermal administration Mainly used for testing purposes, like TB tests – Intravenous administration (IV) 2 - 8

IM sites p

IM injections

Sub q injection p59

Intradermal injection p

Additional Methods of Administration Eye Ear Vaginal Rectal Nasal Nasogastric Epidural Transdermal patches

Eye medications p61 Most eye meds are instilled in the conjunctival sac. Never allow the tip of dropper to touch eye or any other surface. Maintain sterility

Ear medications p63 Do not touch dropper to ear. Have patient remain in same position for about 5 minutes following administration of ear drops

Vaginal administration p64-65

Medication compliance p66 Reasons for noncompliance – Inadequate understanding – Dissatisfaction with prescriber/diagnosis – Cost of medication – Inconvenient dosing schedule – Number of meds taken daily: polypharmacy – Adverse effects – Forgetfulness – Not wishing to be viewed as ill