PowerPoint Presentation for PowerPoint Presentation for Instructor’s Online Learning Center Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach Fourth Edition Yunus A. Çengel Michael A. Boles Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

CHAPTER 1 Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics

FIGURE 1–5 Some application areas of thermodynamics. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-1

FIGURE 1–7 The definition of the force units. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-2

FIGURE 1–13 System, surroundings, and boundary. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-3

FIGURE 1–14 Mass cannot cross the boundaries of a closed system, but energy can. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-4

FIGURE 1–17 A control volume may involve fixed, moving, real, and imaginary boundaries. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-5

FIGURE 1–25 A process between states 1 and 2 and the process path. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-6

FIGURE 1–28 The P-V diagram of a compression process. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-7

FIGURE 1–32 The various forms of microscopic energies that make up sensible energy. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-8

FIGURE 1–39 Ground-level ozone, which is the primary component of smog, forms when HC and NOx react in the presence of sunlight in hot calm days. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-9

FIGURE 1–40 Sulfuric acid and nitric acid are formed when sulfur oxides and nitric oxides react with water vapor and other chemicals high in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-10

FIGURE 1–41 The greenhouse effect on earth. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-11

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 1–45 P versus T plots of the experimental data obtained from a constant-volume gas thermometer using four different gases at different (but low) pressures. 1-12

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 1–47 Comparison of temperature scales. 1-13

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 1–51 Absolute, gage, and vacuum pressures. 1-14

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 1–55 The pressure is the same at all points on a horizontal plane in a given fluid regardless of geometry, provided that the points are interconnected by the same fluid. 1-15

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 1–57 The basic manometer. 1-16

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 1–61 Schematic for Example 1–

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 1–63 The basic barometer. 1-18

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 1–75 Some arrangements that supply a room the same amount of energy as a 300-W electric resistance heater. 1-19