Structure Made of C, H, O, N, P What is the monomer for Nucleic Acids? Nucleotides! DNA – Double stranded (Double Helix) RNA – Single stranded.

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Presentation transcript:

Structure Made of C, H, O, N, P What is the monomer for Nucleic Acids? Nucleotides! DNA – Double stranded (Double Helix) RNA – Single stranded

DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid Function: Codes for genetic material/instructions Where it is made: DNA is copied in the nucleus using DNA Replication DNA is stored as chromosomes and CANNOT leave the nucleus

RNA – Ribonucleic Acid There are 3 types of RNA: rRNA, tRNA, mRNA Function: Codes for proteins Where it is made: RNA is made in the nucleus using Transcription RNA is able to leave the nucleus to reach the ribosomes

Structure of Nucleotides Nucleotides have 3 parts: A Nitrogenous Base (There are 5 types: A,T,U,C,G) A Phosphate Group A Pentose (5 Carbon) Sugar (There are 2 types: Deoxyribose and Ribose)

DNA uses a Deoxyribose Sugar (hence the name) DNA uses a Phosphate Structure of DNA Nucleotides DNA uses 4 nitrogenous bases: Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Base Pairs: Adenine pairs with Thymine Guanine pairs with Cytosine

RNA uses a Ribose Sugar (hence the name) RNA uses a Phosphate Structure of RNA Nucleotides RNA uses 4 nitrogenous bases: Adenine Uracil Guanine Cytosine Base Pairs: Adenine pairs with Uracil Guanine pairs with Cytosine

Structure of DNA: spiral staircase, double helix The spiral support for DNA consists of a Sugar and Phosphate Backbone The two strands are held together by Hydrogen Bonds The bases always pair the same way to connect the strands: A-T (Adenine and Thymine) and C-G (Cytosine and Guanine)

RNA vs DNA single strand, A U C G, ribose double strand, A T C G, deoxyribose

ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate Function: Provides cellular energy Where it is produced: ATP is produced in the mitochondria using cellular respiration

Polymer: Nucleic Acid Monomer: Nucleotide Picture DNA 1.Phosphate 2.5 Carbon Sugar – Deoxyribose 3.Nitrogenous Bases: Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Base-Pair Rules: A – T G – C Bases pair connect with hydrogen bonds RNA 1.Phosphate 2.5 Carbon Sugar – Ribose 3.Nitrogenous Bases: Adenine Uracil Guanine Cytosine Base Pair Rule: A – U G – C Bases pair connect with hydrogen bonds

DNARNA NAME TYPE OF SUGAR DOUBLE OR SINGLE STRANDED BASE PAIRS CAN IT LEAVE THE NUCLEUS DOUBLE HELIX FUNCTION WHERE IS IT MADE Deoxyribonucleic AcidRibonucleic Acid Deoxyribose Ribose Double Single A –T G - C A –U G - C NO YES NO Genetic Code for characteristics Codes for proteins Nucleus