Solution Process  “Surround and Separate”  Particles of the solvent pull particles of solute into solution

 Dissociation Dissociation  Another Look Another Look

Terminology  Solute – smaller amount that gets dissolved  Solvent- larger amount that dissolves the solute  Soluble-able to dissolve miscible  Insoluble- unable to dissolve immiscible  Precipitate-insoluble product of a double displacement reactions

Speeding Up Solutions  Agitation Stirring makes particles collide more often  Surface Area Grinding up a solute makes it easier to “surround and separate” them into solution  Temperature Heating a solution speeds up the particles, increasing the number of collisions NOTE: When dissolving a gas in a liquid, a colder liquid slows down the gas particles and dissolves more total gas

Which method of speeding up a solution explains why a powdered aspirin works faster than a tablet? 1. Agitation 2. Surface Area 3. Temperature

Which method of speeding up a solution explains why sugar dissolves better in fresh tea than iced tea? 1. Agitation 2. Surface Area 3. Temperature

Which method of speeding up a solution explains why Kool-Aid powder has to be stirred into water? 1. Agitation 2. Surface Area 3. Temperature

Which method of speeding up a solution explains why you can’t make “Cold Chocolate” out of “Hot Chocolate” powder? 1. Agitation 2. Surface Area 3. Temperature

Which method of speeding up a solution explains why soup mix dissolves faster than bouillon cubes? 1. Agitation 2. Surface Area 3. Temperature

Solubility  Describes how well a substance will dissolve in 100g of water at a given temperature  Differs with each substance and temperature

Amounts of Solute  Unsaturated Solution has not dissolved as much solute as it can hold More solute can be dissolved Any point below the saturation line  Saturated Solution has dissolved as much solute as it can hold No more solute can be dissolved Any point on the saturation line  Supersaturated Solution has dissolved more solute than it can hold A point above the saturation line Solute will come out of solution if disturbed until it reaches the Saturation Point

What is the solubility of NaNO 3 at 10  C? g g g g

How much NH 4 Cl would precipitate from a saturated solution that cools from 90  C to 50  C? g g g g

How much more KClO 3 could be added to form a saturated solution that goes from 30  C to 90  C? g g g 4. 0 g

Solubility Curve Review Supersaturated unsaturated saturated