Evolution Test Are you ready? So, here’s what we’re going to do: – Review today, test tomorrow. – The FRQ is Wednesday in class. – On the notecard write you and your partner’s names…this is where you’ll keep track of your score…and turn in at the end. – For each question there is a point value at the top of the slide…if you get it right, write that number down & circle it. There are 12 questions, I hope you will be able to get all of them correct!

1 Phylogenies are depicted using a clade… This clade shows where unique characteristics arise, where “speciation” occurs, and lineage lines Draw an equivalent clade to this one

1 There’s not ONLY ONE way to show the same phylogenies…

2 Evolutionary relationships can be described using 1 word…which is: – PHYLOGENY

3 In order to justify 2 organisms as being related (or of the same species) the 2 organisms must be able to __________________ REPRODUCE…BREED (interbreed)

4 Contrast these 2 models of evolution: – Gradual model of evolution – Punctuated model of evolution

4 Contrast these 2 models of evolution: – Gradual model of evolution Small changes over time – Punctuated model of evolution Sudden changes, followed by period of relatively no change (cyclical)

5 Homologous is _______________________ Analogous is _____________________ Convergence is _______________________ Divergence is ______________________

5 Homologous is similar structure, different functions Analogous is different structures, similar functions Convergence is different species becoming more similar over time Divergence is similar species becoming more different over time

6 Give 1 example of each: – Analogous structures – Homologous structures

7 Specific ways in which we can tell the degree of closely-related organisms include: – Fossil Records – Morphology – Embryology – Molecular (amino acid sequencing) – Behavioral Traits

8 Explain the ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY:

The theory of Endosymbiosis explains the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria and their double membranes. This concept postulates that chloroplasts and mitochondria are the result of years of evolution initiated by the endocytosis of bacteria and blue-green algae.

9 What makes us mammals?

9 – Mammary Glands!!!

10 Miller and Urey tested a simulation of earth’s early atmosphere to determine if essential life molecules could have arose from abiotic factors. Explain how they did this:

10 Miller and Urey tested a simulation of earth’s early atmosphere to determine if essential life molecules could have arose from abiotic factors. Explain how they did this:

11 What is said to have been contained in the earth’s primitive atmosphere? – Water – Nitrogen – Hydrogen – Inert gas – NOT OXYGEN (g)

12 What does this clade tell you about the relationship between the camel and the pig?

12 The camel and the pig are descendants of a common ancestor, but the peccary and pig are more closely related

EXTRA Define in your own words & include a picture that shows understanding: Convergent & Divergent Evolution Homologous & Analogous Structures Phylogeny Morphology Cladogram (clade) Endosymbiotic Theory Primitive Atmosphere (what was in it?) Punctuation & Gradual Models of Evolution Fields of study: – Comparative Biochemistry – Comparative Anatomy – Comparative Embryology – Geographic Distribution – Paleontology