Insect Taxonomic Diversity Austin Speigner 2 nd

Insect Orders Odonata Ephemoroptera Blattaria Isoptera Dermatptera Orthoptera Phasmidia Hemiptera Coleoptera Lepidoptera Diptera Siphonoptera Hymenoptera Mantodea Plecoptera

Ephemeroptera derived from the Greek "ephemera" meaning short- lived, and "ptera" meaning wings Adults Antennae short and bristle-like Front legs long and often held out in front of body Compound eyes large, usually covering most of the head Wings: four membranous wings with many veins and crossveins front wings large, triangular hind wings smaller, fan-shaped Abdomen slender, bearing two (or sometimes three) long terminal filaments Immatures Antennae short and bristle-like Four to nine pairs of leaf-like or fan-like gills along the sides of the abdomen Three long filaments at rear of abdomen

Odonata Odonata is an order of carnivorous insects, encompassing dragonflies and damselflies. The word dragonfly is also sometimes used to refer to all Odonata, but odonate is a more correct English name for the group as a whole.

Blattaria Cockroaches are insects of the order Blattodea, sometimes called Blattaria, of which about 30 species out of 4,600 total are associated with human habitats About four species are well known as pests.

Isoptera Termites are a group of eusocial insects that were classified at the taxonomic rank of order Isoptera, but are now classified either as the infraorder Isoptera, or as epifamiliy Termitoidae within the cockroach order Blattodea. While termites are commonly known, especially in Australia, as "white ants," they are not closely related to the ants.

Dermaptera Earwigs make up the insect order Dermaptera and are found throughout the Americas, Africa, Eurasia, Australia and New Zealand. With about 2,000 species in 12 families, they are one of the smaller insect orders. Earwigs have characteristic cerci, a pair of forceps pincers on their abdomen, and membranous wings folded underneath short forewings, hence the scientific order name, "skin wings."

Orthoptera Orthoptera is an order of insects with paurometabolous or incomplete metamorphosis, including the grasshoppers, crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta, lubber, Acrida, and locusts. Many insects in this order produce sound by rubbing their wings against each other or their legs, the wings or legs containing rows of corrugated bumps. The tympanum or ear is located in the front tibia in crickets, mole crickets, and katydids, and on the first abdominal segment in the grasshoppers and locusts. These organisms use vibrations to locate other individuals.

Phasmidia Largely tropical, mostly Oriental; in NA, much more diverse in the South, scarcely represented in the North Usually found on trees or shrubs, herbivorous, and body and legs very long and slender; no wings in our spp. (one species in Florida has very short wings, many exotic forms are fully winged)

Hemiptera Hemiptera is an order of insects most often known as the true bugs, comprising around 50,000– 80,000 species of cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, shield bugs, and others. They range in size from 1 mm to around 15 cm, and share a common arrangement of sucking mouthparts. Sometimes, the name true bugs is applied more narrowly still to insects of the suborder Heteroptera only.

Coleoptera The Coleoptera order of insects is commonly called beetles. The word "coleoptera" is from the Greek κολεός, koleos, meaning "sheath"; and πτερόν, pteron, meaning "wing", thus "sheathed wing", because most beetles have two pairs of wings, the front pair, the "elytra", being hardened and thickened into a shell- like protection for the rear pair and the beetle's abdomen.

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera is a large order of insects that includes moths and butterflies. It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth-butterflies. The term was coined by Linnaeus in 1735 and is derived from Ancient Greek λεπίδος and πτερόν. Comprising an estimated 174,250 species, in 126 families and 46 superfamilies, the Lepidoptera show many variations of the basic body structure that have evolved to gain advantages in lifestyle and distribution

Diptera True flies are insects of the order Diptera. Their most obvious distinction from other orders of insects is that a typical fly possesses a pair of flight wings on the mesothorax and a pair of halteres, derived from the hind wings, on the metathorax. The only other order of insects bearing two true, functional wings plus any form of halteres are the Strepsiptera, and in contrast to the flies, the Strepsiptera bear their halteres on the mesothorax and their flight wings on the metathorax.

Siphonaptera Fleas are the insects forming the order Siphonaptera. They are wingless, with mouthparts adapted for piercing skin and sucking blood. Fleas are external parasites, living by hematophagy off the blood of mammals and birds.

Hymenoptera The Hymenoptera are one of the largest orders of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees and ants. The name refers to the wings of the insects, and is derived from the Ancient Greek ὑ μήν: membrane and πτερόν: wing. The hind wings are connected to the fore wings by a series of hooks called hamuli.

Mantodea Mantodea is an order of insects that contains over 2,400 species and about 430 genera in 15 families worldwide in temperate and tropical habitats. Most of the species are in the family Mantidae.

Plecoptera Commonly known as stoneflies. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera, with close relatives identified from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian geological periods, while true stoneflies are known from fossils only a bit younger.

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