The Last West And The New South

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Chapter 5 THE WESTERN CROSSROADS

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Presentation transcript:

The Last West And The New South 1865-1900 The American West and South underwent profound changes after the Civil War

The West: The Last Frontier After the Civil War many Americans turned to settling the West Within 35 years the frontier no longer existed Buffalo nearly exterminated and damage to environment Miners, cattlemen, cowboys and farmers

Mining Frontier 1848 gold in CA – 49ers 1859 in CO and NV Boomtowns created – saloons, dance halls, and vigilante justice San Fran., Sacramento, Denver Chinese Immigration inc. Congress passed Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

Cattle Frontier Vaqueros Vast open grasslands “Texas” longhorns RRs opened eastern markets to western cattle Cow towns along RRs Soon open range ends with barbed wire and homesteaders Ranches are developed

Farming Frontier Homestead Act of 1862 offers land “sodbusters” Lonely and isolated life At the mercy of mother nature Many failures Planted hardy strains of Russian wheat Eventually dams and irrigation saved many

Turner’s Frontier Thesis 1890 the U.S. Census Bureau declared the frontier had been settled Turner wrote “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” (1893) Said the frontier had promoted independence and individualism Broke down social classes

Removal of Native Americans Hopi, Zuni, Apache and Navajo, Sioux, Crow Destruction of buffalo contributes to loss of culture Reservations established Indian wars Assimilation? Dawes Severalty Act