Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Higher Education Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University College of Computer and Information Sciences 1 Chapter 1 - Part 2 An Introduction to Information Systems in Organizations IS200-Introduction to IS Information Systems Department

IS Department Overview Business Information Systems Types of Business Information Systems System Development IS Department2

Business Information Systems Most common types of information systems used in business organizations Electronic and mobile commerce systems Enterprise Systems: Transaction processing systems Enterprise Resource Planning Management information systems 3

IS Department Business Information Systems (continued) Decision support systems Specialized business information systems: Knowledge Management, Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems Virtual Reality 4

IS Department Business Information Systems (continued) 5 Figure 1.5: Business Information Systems

IS Department Electronic and Mobile Commerce E-commerce: Involves any business transaction executed electronically between parties, such as Companies (B2B) Companies and consumers (B2C) Consumers and other consumers (C2C) Companies and the public sector Consumers and the public sector 6

IS Department Purchase Order - Traditional 7 Purchase Order – E-commerce

IS Department Electronic and Mobile Commerce (continued) Mobile Commerce: Transaction conducted anywhere, anytime Relies on the use of wireless communications (portable phones, laptop, and other mobile devices) 8

IS Department Enterprise Systems: Transaction Processing Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning Transaction: business-related exchange Payments to employees Sales to customers Payments to suppliers Transaction processing system (TPS): organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and hardware used to record completed business transactions 9

IS Department Transaction Processing Systems (continued) 10 Figure 1.9: A Payroll Transaction Processing System

IS Department Enterprise Resource Planning Integrated programs capable of managing a company’s vital business operations for an entire multi-site organization Coordinate planning, inventory control, production, and ordering 11

IS Department Information and Decision Support Systems An effective TPS provides a number of benefits to a company A TPS can speed business activities and reduce clerical costs Data stored in TPSs is used to help managers make better decisions 12

IS Department Management Information Systems Management information system (MIS) Organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and hardware Provides summary about routine information to managers/decision makers 13

IS Department Management Information Systems (continued) 14 Figure 1.10: Management Information System

IS Department Decision Support Systems Decision support system (DSS) Organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and hardware Supports problem-specific decision making 15

IS Department Decision Support Systems (continued) 16 Figure 1.11: Essential DSS Elements

IS Department Specialized Business Information Systems Knowledge management systems (KMSs): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and hardware to create, store, share, and use the organization’s knowledge and experience Artificial intelligence (AI): field in which the computer system takes on the characteristics of human intelligence 17

IS Department Artificial Intelligence 18 Figure 1.12: The Major Elements of Artificial Intelligence

IS Department Expert Systems Give the computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in a particular field Allow organizations to capture and use the wisdom of experts and specialists The knowledge base contains the collection of data, rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve value or the proper outcome 19

IS Department Virtual Reality Simulation of a real or imagined environment that can be experienced visually in three dimensions Can be a powerful medium for communication, entertainment, and learning 20

IS Department Systems Development Systems development: creating or modifying existing business systems Systems development can be: Performed in-house Outsourced: hiring an outside company to perform some or all of a system development project To improve results of a systems development project, it is divided into several steps 21

IS Department Systems Development (continued) 22 Figure 1.14: An Overview of Systems Development

IS Department Systems Investigation and Analysis Systems investigation: gain understanding of the problem to be solved or opportunity to be addressed Systems analysis: defines problems and opportunities of the existing system (define business needs) 23

IS Department Systems Design, Implementation, Maintenance, and Review Systems design: how the new system will work to meet the business needs defined during systems analysis Systems implementation: creating or acquiring the various system components defined in the design step, assembling them, and putting the new system into operation Systems maintenance and review: check and modify the system so that it continues to meet changing business needs 24