Chapter 10 Section 10.1

Main Idea Groundwater reservoirs provide water to streams and wetlands where the table intersects with the surface of the ground

Ground Water There is more fresh water in the ground then there is in all the Earth's reservoirs, lakes, and rivers combined!

Recall The Hydrosphere Where is all the worlds water? Oceans: 97% Ice caps and glaciers: 2% Surface water (lakes and streams): less than 1% Groundwater: less than 1% Atmosphere: very small part of hydrosphere (but very important)

How does the water mover throughout the hydrosphere?

Where does all water on land come from? a.Transformation b.Leaking from ocean c.Atmosphere d.precipitation

What happens to Infiltrated water? Precipitation is absorbed in to ground and slowly travels through the ground and eventually returns back to surface water through springs and seepage.

Zone of saturation Zone of saturation-Region below earths surface completely filled with water (ground water) The upper boundary of that zone is called the water table In the zone of aeration (above the water table) the materials are most but not saturated

Zone of saturation Depth of the water table varies depending on local conditions Stream valleys-have water tables close to earths surface Hilltops- water table can be far away from earths surface Swampy areas-the water table is at earths surface Water table usually follows the topography of the land.

Ground water movement Ground water flows downhill in the direction of the slope of the water table Ground water flows through permeable sediment called aquifers Aquiclude- impermeable layer such as clay confines aquifers The speed at which water moves underground depends on Slope of water table Permeability of material

Porosity vs. permeability

What happens to Groundwater? is frequently pumped for drinking water and crop irrigation can flow underground to oceans can supply water to streams, ponds, rivers, or wetlands at the surface of the earth is absorbed by the roots of plants may stay trapped underground for hundreds of thousands of years (aquifers)

Springs Eventually ground water will return to earths surface Occurs wherever the water table intersects earths surface Usually happens when land has drastically sloping topography Spring- Natural discharge of water

HotspringsHotsprings

How a geyser works

Where does groundwater come from? A. Rainfall and melting snow B. Underground rivers

How fast does groundwater move? A. It flows like a river or stream. B. A few inches per year to a few feet per minute. C. a lot D. a little

Where does groundwater flow when it comes out of the ground? A. Lakes, rivers, and streams. B. Groundwater stays underground and does not come to the surface. C. into your house D. none of the above

Why should I be concerned about groundwater protection? A. It might be the source of your drinking water. B. It could cost lots of money to clean up the groundwater. C. Groundwater can make me sick if it is contaminated. D. All of the above.