Modern Jewish Sects ANDREW CRANE

Four Main Sects  Conservative Judaism  Orthodox Judaism  Reformed Judaism.  Many people are also familiar with Hasidic Judaism.

Conservative Judaism  Is a moderate Sect which seeks to avoid the extremes put forth by the orthodox and reformed Jews.  The goal is to conserve the traditions of Judaism while still being open to modernity.  The teachings of Zacharias Frankel ( ) form the foundation of Conservative Judaism. Frankel broke away from the Reform movement in Germany in the 1840s, insisting that Jewish tradition and rituals had not become non-essentials. He accepted both the Torah and Talmud as enduring authorities but taught that historical and textual studies could differentiate cultural expressions from abiding religious truths.  The partake in the Sabbath, maintain the dietary laws, encourage the study of Hebrew, and support Zionism.

Orthodox Judaism  Is considered one of the most conservative of the three main branches of modern Judaism.  The hold true to the Torah the written law, as well as the oral truths the Talmud.  Orthodox Judaism has held fast to such practices as daily worship, dietary laws, traditional prayers and ceremonies, regular and intensive study of the Torah, and separation of men and women in the synagogue. It also enjoins strict observance of the sabbath and religious festivals and does not permit instrumental music during communal services.

Reformed Judaism  Is the most liberal sect within Modern Judaism.  Reform Judaism arose in Germany in the early 1800s both as a reaction against the perceived rigidity of Orthodox Judaism and as a response to Germany's increasingly liberal political climate.  Different Reform Rabbis made different modifications but some common ones were abolition of circumsition, changing the Sabbath to resemble something for like Christian sundays, and rejecting the Talmud.  They are much more inclusive than the other sects for example women can be rabbis and the full participation of gays is accepted in reform Judaism unlike the other sects.

Hasidic Judaism  Hasidic was founded in Germany in the 12 th century as a movement emphasizing asceticism and mystical experience born out of love and humility before God.  The Modern Hasidic movement took place in the 18 th century in Poland.  Hasidism emphasized personal experiences of God over religious education and ritual.  The Hasidics are taught by a rebbe who may or may not be a rabbi, but is a man considered to be specially enlightened.

Conclusion  The main differences stem from their views on traditions. For example what traditions are important and what should be changed.  The sects are often times formed during political conflict and the different views fit the needs of the people who become followers.  The main three sects are the conservative, orthodox, and reformed, however there are people who follow the Hasidic view point.

Research Sources   similarities-and-differences-in-the-different-sects-movements-of- judaism/