Main Idea : The development of agriculture caused an increase in population and growth of a settled way of life.

  40,000 years ago human beings had become fully modern in their physical appearance.  Over the next thousand years, the way of life changed dramatically.  People developed new technology, artistic skills, and AGRICULTURE. A SLOW Process

  The shift from food-gathering culture to a food- producing culture.  Causes: scientists are not sure what was the main cause.  Hypothesis: climate was a cause. Warmer climate and drier land for cultivation. Neolithic Revolution/Agricultural Revolution

Hunting Hunting for subsistence is very intensive Not a lot of return on investment

  Slash and Burn  Cut down trees and undergrowth  Let dry out for several days  Burn the area  Ash fertilizes the soil  Grow crops for 1-2 years  Let fallow and move to another location Early Agriculture

 Animal Domestication Hunters used their knowledge of animal behavior Sheep, dogs, horses and pigs

  Domesticated sheep, goats camels, etc.  Graze a pasture and then move on  There are still pastoral nomads, primarily in Africa  Masai Warriors Pastoral Nomads

  9,000 BCE  Northeast Iraq at the base of the Zagros Mountains  Thought to be first real large village  Agricultural settlement Jarmo

  More reliable  Predictable  More production  Can store the crop yeild Benefits of Agriculture

  Susceptible to bad growing seasons  Weather and other natural disasters  Pests  Storage areas destroyed Negatives of Agriculture

  Developed all over the world at around the same time independently  Africa- The Nile River Valley- wheat, barley, and other crops.  China- 8,000 years ago, around the Huang He, they cultivated millet. 1,000 years ago they domesticated wild rice in the Chang Jiang River delta. Agriculture

  Mexico and Central America- farmers cultivated corn, beans, and squash  Peru- farmers from the Central Andes were the 1st to grow tomatoes, sweet potatoes, and white potatoes. Agriculture

 Review

  Agricultural village found in 1958 in south- central Turkey  Scientists estimate roughly 5,000-6,000 people live in 1,000 dwellings  They grew primarily wheat, barley and peas.  Villagers domesticated Sheep and cattle. Case Study: Catal Huyuk

  What are some drawbacks to larger settlements/villages?  Storage bins can be destroyed  Natural disasters  Poor harvest  Disease spreads more easily Case Study: Catal Huyuk