Chapter 2.1 The Atomic Theory of Matter. The History of the Atom Greek philosophers in 450 BC Atomos- invisible particles Plato and Aristotle No invisible.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 2.1 The Atomic Theory of Matter

The History of the Atom Greek philosophers in 450 BC Atomos- invisible particles Plato and Aristotle No invisible matter Europeans in 17 th century Reemergence of the atoms as gas particles

John Dalton 1803 English school teacher that linked idea of elements to atoms

Dalton’s Atomic Theory Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms All atoms of a given element are identical to one another in mass and other properties, but atoms of an element are unique to that element only. Atoms of an element are not changed into atoms of a different element by chemical reactions; they are neither created nor destroyed. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine, a given compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms.

Atom Smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical identity of the element.

Law of Constant Composition In a given compound, the relative number and kind of atoms are constant.

Law of Conservation of Matter Total mass of materials present after a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass present before the reaction.

Law of Multiple Proportions If two elements A and B combine to form more than one compound, the masses of B that combine with a given mass of A are in the ratio of small whole numbers