A TIMELINE of the MAJOR SCIENTISTS and THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS

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Presentation transcript:

A TIMELINE of the MAJOR SCIENTISTS and THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS ATOMIC STRUCTURE A TIMELINE of the MAJOR SCIENTISTS and THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS

490 BC DEMOCRITUS “atomos” First to propose that matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called “atomos” or atom.

JOHN DALTON “billiard ball” model 490 BC 1808 JOHN DALTON “billiard ball” model Atoms are tiny, hard and indestructible spheres

JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON “raisin bread” model 490 BC JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON “raisin bread” model 1808 1897 Atoms are composed of positive sphere (“bread”) and negative charges or electrons (“raisins”) Did not identify the number of electrons nor the nature of positive sphere

THOMSON’S “RAISIN BREAD” MODEL OF THE ATOM

CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT)

ERNEST RUTHERFORD “nuclear model” 490 BC ERNEST RUTHERFORD “nuclear model” 1808 1897 1911 Atom has a small, dense and positively charged center called the nucleus. Moving around it would be the negatively charged electrons. Therefore the atom is mostly empty space.

RUTHERFORD’S NUCLEAR MODEL OF THE ATOM

RUTHERFORD’S GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT

NIELS BOHR “planetary model” 490 BC 1808 1897 1911 1913 NIELS BOHR “planetary model” Electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus based on their energy levels. The farther the electrons are from the nucleus, the greater is their energy level.

BOHR’S PLANETARY MODEL OF THE ATOM

“wave or electron cloud model” 490 BC 1808 1897 1911 1913 1926 ERWIN SCHRODINGER “wave or electron cloud model” Electrons are moving around the nucleus in an area known as the electron cloud. It is possible to know the area where the electron is based on its energy level but not its exact location.

SCHRODINGER’S WAVE OR ELECTRON CLOUD MODEL

Cl - 35 CHEMICAL NOTATION 17 MASS NUMBER = p+ + no CHARGE = p+ - e- no = MASS NUMBER – ATOMIC NUMBER e - = p+ - charge no = 35-17 = 18 e- = 17 – (-1) = 18 MASS NUMBER = p+ + no CHARGE = p+ - e- - 35 Cl 17 CHEMICAL SYMBOL ATOMIC NUMBER = p+