End Show Slide 1 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Outline 1-1 What Is Science?

End Show 1-1 What Is Science? Slide 2 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall What Science Is and Is Not The goal of science is to: investigate and understand the natural world. explain events in the natural world. use those explanations to make useful predictions.

End Show 1-1 What Is Science? Slide 3 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall What Science Is and Is Not Science is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world. The word science also refers to the body of knowledge that scientists have built up after years of using this process.

End Show 1-1 What Is Science? Slide 4 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall What Science Is and Is Not How is Science Different from other fields? 1.It deals only with the natural world 2.It collects information in an orderly way. 3.It proposes explanations that can be tested.

End Show 1-1 What Is Science? Slide 5 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Thinking Like a Scientist Scientific thinking begins with observation. Observation is the process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly way. This usually involves using the senses.

End Show 1-1 What Is Science? Slide 6 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Thinking Like a Scientist The information gathered from observations is called data. Quantitative data are expressed as numbers, obtained by counting or measuring. Qualitative data are descriptive and involve characteristics that can’t easily be measured.

End Show 1-1 What Is Science? Slide 7 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Thinking Like a Scientist Scientists use data to make inferences. An inference is a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience. This process may involve taking small samples to get data to base your inferences upon.

End Show 1-1 What Is Science? Slide 8 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Explaining and Interpreting Evidence A hypothesis is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations. A hypothesis may be ruled out (falsified) or confirmed (supported).

End Show 1-1 What Is Science? Slide 9 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Explaining and Interpreting Evidence A hypothesis must be proposed in a way that can be tested. Hypotheses are tested by performing controlled experiments or by gathering new data.

End Show 1-1 What Is Science? Slide 10 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Explaining and Interpreting Evidence Researchers often work in teams to analyze, review, and critique each other’s data and hypotheses. A review process helps ensure conclusions are valid. To be valid, a conclusion must be based on logical interpretation of reliable data.

End Show 1-1 What Is Science? Slide 11 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Science as a Way of Knowing Science is an ongoing process that involves: asking questions observing making inferences testing hypotheses

End Show 1-1 What Is Science? Slide 12 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Science as a Way of Knowing Scientific understanding is always changing. Good scientists: 1. are skeptics who question both existing ideas and new hypotheses. 2. must be open-minded.

End Show 1-1 What Is Science? Slide 13 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Science and Human Values An understanding of science and the scientific approach is essential to making intelligent decisions concerning things that affect humans and our planet. Scientists make recommendations based on data collected through research. Then society decides how to act upon this information.

End Show 1-1 What Is Science? Slide 14 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Science and Human Values Decisions involve many factors besides scientific information, including: the society in which we live economic considerations laws moral principles Citizens decide what to do when they vote.

End Show - or - Continue to: Click to Launch: Slide 15 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 1–1

End Show Slide 16 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 1–1 Observations involving numbers are known as a.qualitative observations. b.hypothetical observations. c.quantitative observations. d.inferred observations.

End Show Slide 17 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 1–1 Which of the following shows the interaction of science and human values? a.the debate over the best way to produce electricity b.investigating how a manatee behaves c.Determining what causes a disease d.using a hypothesis to test an explanation

End Show Slide 18 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 1–1 A scientist takes paint chips from 10 apartments in a large building. She tests for the presence of lead in the paint and finds it in all 10 samples. She then concludes that lead paint is probably present in all 120 apartments in the building. This conclusion is an example of a.a scientific fact. b.a scientific error. c.proof. d.a reasonable inference.

End Show Slide 19 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 1–1 A possible explanation for a set of observations is known as a.data. b.a hypothesis. c.an inference. d.a result.

End Show Slide 20 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 1–1 A good scientific hypothesis must be a.correct. b.able to be tested. c.obvious. d.based on common sense.

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