ROOTS OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY

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Presentation transcript:

ROOTS OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY Chapter 5-2 ROOTS OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY

KEYS IDEAS American Democracy has its roots in English tradition of representative government

RIGHTS OF ENGLISHMEN England had advanced political democracy MAGNA CARTA 1215 – King John forced to sign – agreement that EVERYONE had to obey law -Property not seized -No tax unless “Prominent” (council) agreed -No trial without witnesses -Jury of peers Later expanded – elect representatives to gov’t

Parliament & Colonial Gov’t England’s Parliament was model for colonists to set up representative gov’t Two Houses House of Commons – elected House of Lords – non elected nobles, judges, clergy Virginia’s House of Burgesses – modeled England -Imposed taxes and managed colonies

Parliament & Colonial Gov’t Relationship between the two was awkward... Parliament granted colonists self government BUT Parliament kept final authority Colonists disliked Parliament laws passed without their consent King appointed royal Governors over colonies

ENGLISH RIGHTS THREATENED Mid 1600s...Massachusetts ignore Navigation Acts King Charles II canceled charter – right to self gov’t King James II combined All Northern Colonies into one dominion of New England King James sent Edmund Andros as governor Andros – end representative assemblies & town meetings Colonists refused to pay taxes Mather went to England to plead colonists’ rights

Colonists Claim English Rights Jailed Governor Andros and ask Parliament restore their rights Regained right to elect representatives BUT had to accept governor appointed by England COMPROMISES between royal power & colonial self government

England`s Glorious Revolution Parliament dismissed by King James II Parliament secretly offer throne to his sister Mary and her husband William James II flees England 1688 William & Mary – new monarches

William & Mary ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS – they agree to uphold Monarchs not impose taxes or cancel laws unless Parliament agreed Parliament could hold free elections Excessive Fines forbidden Cruel punishment forbidden People had right to complain without threat of arrest IMPORTANT PRINCIPLE – Laws made by Parliament NOT by one Ruler

Colonists got used to acting independently Salutary Neglect Tension between colonies & King eased in late 1600s to early 1700s England passed laws regulating trade BUT Governors rarely enforced laws Colonists got used to acting independently

Freedom of Press English Rights part of Colonial Heritage John Peter Zenger – publisher of New York Weekly Journal 1735 On trial for criticizing governor – bribes Jury agreed that people have right to speak Zenger WON! English Rights part of Colonial Heritage

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