Viruses- Are they alive? Acellular Can not metabolize Can’t grow or respond to environment Can’t reproduce without host Discovery- Wendell Stanley- tobacco.

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Presentation transcript:

Viruses- Are they alive? Acellular Can not metabolize Can’t grow or respond to environment Can’t reproduce without host Discovery- Wendell Stanley- tobacco mosaic virus

Virion- virus outside of cell Capsid-protein coat surrounding nucleic acid Genetic material- DNA or RNA –dsDNA- double stranded DNA –ssDNA- single stranded DNA –dsRNA- double stranded RNA –ssRNA- single stranded RNA Super small amount of genes Capsomeres- Surface proteins- only attach to particular host or even specific cells in the host

Enveloped virion Membrane acquired from its host cell during viral replication or release Composed of phospholipid bilayer & proteins- specific for host attachment

Bacteriophage Infects bacteria Replication- –2 cycles

Lytic Cycle-pg 390 (virulent-causes disease) 1.Attachment - the virus attaches itself to the host cell.Attachment 2.Injection - the virus inserts its genetic material into the host cell.Injection 3.Integration & Replication- the genetic material tells the cell what to do & the host cell builds parts of the virus.IntegrationReplication 4.Assembly - the cell assembles the replicated parts into new viruses.Assembly 5.Lysis - the cell breaks open and each replicated virus can now infect other cells.Lysis

Lysogenic Cycle- pg 392 (temperate- doesn’t kill right away) 1.Attachment 2.Injection 3.Integration- virus DNA becomes part of bacterial DNA- prophage 4.Replication- when host cell replicates its own DNA, virus DNA is also copied 5.Assembly 6.Trigger > Lytic Cycle can be caused by sunlight, radiation, chemicals

Virus Life Cycle cycle?utm_source=BioInteractive+News& utm_campaign=8559c11a70- BioInteractive_News_Vol_309_15_2014&u tm_medium= &utm_term=0_98b2f5c6 ba-8559c11a http:// cycle?utm_source=BioInteractive+News& utm_campaign=8559c11a70- BioInteractive_News_Vol_309_15_2014&u tm_medium= &utm_term=0_98b2f5c6 ba-8559c11a

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Viroids Small, circular pieces of RNA that are infectious to plants Lack capsids May appear linear

Prions Not viruses because they lack nucleic acid Composed of single protein- PrP –All mammals contain a gene that codes for the a.a. sequence for cellular PrP Can re-fold into stable structures, changing shape & become harmful Excess PrP or mutations cause the prion PrP 40% of humans have PrP that can misfold