Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Capitolo 5 VLAN: reti locali virtuali

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl LAN A LAN B

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Lan produzione Lan amministrazione Lan progettazione Lan presidenza

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl VLAN 8VLAN 2 VLAN 8 Switch VLAN 8VLAN 2 Trunk Backbone VLAN 8 Switch

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Switch A ACCESS (untagged) TRUNK Switch B Switch CSwitch D ACCESS (untagged) ACCESS (untagged) ACCESS (untagged) (tagged)

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl SW-Prova#sho vlan brief VLAN Name Status Ports default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Fa0/25, Fa0/26, Fa0/27, Fa0/28, Fa0/29, Fa0/30, Fa0/31, Fa0/32, Fa0/33, Fa0/34, Fa0/35, Fa0/36, Fa0/37, Fa0/38, Fa0/39, Fa0/40, Fa0/41, Fa0/42, Fa0/43, Fa0/44, Fa0/45, Fa0/46, Fa0/47, Fa0/48, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl SW-Prova#vlan database Switch(vlan)#vlan 2 name Amministrazione VLAN 2 added: Name: Amministrazione Switch(vlan)#vlan 3 name Vendite VLAN 3 added: Name: Vendite Switch(vlan)#vlan 4 name prova-1 VLAN 4 added: Name: prova-1 Switch(vlan)#vlan 5 name prova-2 VLAN 5 added: Name: prova-2 Switch(vlan)#vlan 6 name prova-3 VLAN 6 added: Name: prova-3 Switch(vlan)#vlan 100 name Produzione VLAN 100 added: Name: Produzione SW-Prova(vlan)#exit APPLY completed. Exiting.... SW-Prova#

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl SW-Prova(config)#int fastEthernet 0/12 SW-Prova(config-if)#switchport access vlan 100 Switch(config-if)#exit ……. SW-Prova(config)#int fastEthernet 0/16 SW-Prova(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2 SW-Prova(config-if)#exit …….. SW-Prova(config)#int fastEthernet 0/20 SW-Prova(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3 SW-Prova(config-if)#exit …….. SW-Prova(config)#int fastEthernet 0/24 SW-Prova(config-if)#switchport access vlan 4 SW-Prova(config-if)#exit ……. SW-Prova(config)#int fastEthernet 0/28 SW-Prova(config-if)#switchport access vlan 5 SW-Prova(config-if)#exit …….. SW-Prova(config)#int fastEthernet 0/32 SW-Prova(config-if)#switchport access vlan 6 SW-Prova(config-if)#exit ……..

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl SW-Prova#show vlan brief VLAN Name Status Ports default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/36, Fa0/37, Fa0/38, Fa0/39, Fa0/40, Fa0/41, Fa0/42, Fa0/43, Fa0/44, Fa0/45, Fa0/46, Fa0/47, Fa0/48, Gi0/1, Gi0/2 2 Amministrazione active Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19 3 Vendite active Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23 4 prova-1 active Fa0/24, Fa0/25, Fa0/26, Fa0/27 5 prova-2 active Fa0/28, Fa0/29, Fa0/30, Fa0/31 6 prova-3 active Fa0/32, Fa0/33, Fa0/34, Fa0/ Produzione active Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl SW-Prova(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/1 SW-Prova(config-if)#switchport mode trunk SW-Prova(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1,2,5,6 SW-Prova(config-if)#exit SW-Prova(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/2 SW-Prova(config-if)#switchport mode trunk SW-Prova(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan all TRUNK (tagged) ACCESS (untagged) VLAN 1 VLAN 2 VLAN 3 VLAN 4 VLAN 5 VLAN 6 VLAN 100 ACCESS (untagged) SW-Prova VLAN 1 VLAN 2 VLAN 3 VLAN 4 VLAN 5 VLAN 6 VLAN 100 ACCESS (untagged) VLAN 1 VLAN 2 VLAN 5 VLAN 6 TRUNK (tagged) SW-ASW-B

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl TRUNK (tagged) VLAN 1 VLAN 2 VLAN 3 VLAN 4 VLAN 5 VLAN 6 VLAN 100 SW-Prova VLAN 1 VLAN 2 VLAN 3 VLAN 4 VLAN 5 VLAN 6 VLAN 100 VLAN 1 VLAN 2 VLAN 5 VLAN 6 TRUNK (tagged) SW-ASW-B

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Destination Address Source Address Length/Type = TPID Tag Control Information Client Length/Type MAC Client DATA PAD FCS Definito in: IEEE 802.3ac IEEE 802.1Q user priority CFI VID (VLAN ID) - 12 bits Q Tag 6

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl HUB / Repeater HUB / Repeater HUB / Repeater HUB / Repeater REALIZZAZIONE ANARCHICA DELLE VLAN Tutte le interfacce dei calcolatori sono VLAN-aware e devono essere configurate come trunk (generazione di pacchetti tagged)

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Switch A TRUNK (tagged) TRUNK Switch B Switch CSwitch D TRUNK (tagged) TRUNK (tagged) TRUNK (tagged) Tutte le interfacce dei calcolatori sono VLAN-aware e devono essere configurate come trunk (generazione di pacchetti tagged) REALIZZAZIONE ANARCHICA DELLE VLAN

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Switch A ACCESS (untagged) TRUNK Switch B Switch CSwitch D ACCESS (untagged) ACCESS (untagged) ACCESS (untagged) (tagged) TRUNK

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl VLAN 10 VLAN 30 Access link VLAN-aware bridge Hybrid link Access link VLAN-aware bridge VLAN-aware end station VLAN-unaware end station VLAN-unaware end station VLAN 10 VLAN 20 Associate dai bridge alla VLAN 30 VLAN-unaware end station VLAN 30 Access link VLAN 20 LAN XY

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Multicast C Singlecast Indirizzo del Bridge XY LengthDestination Addr.Source Addr. 042H DSAPSSAP XID Control GVRP PDU FCS Protocol Identifier: ÷ ÷7 Attribute Type: Attribute Length: 04 Attribute Event VLAN ID Attributo 1 Attribute Length: 04 Attribute Event VLAN ID Attributo n End Mark 00 Lista degli attibuti 0 =LeaveALL 1=JoinEmpty 2=JoinIn 3=Leave Empty 4=LeaveIN 5=Empty

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Switch SVL Port MAC adress Ag. Time VLAN b a b a b-c4-e6-aa b a e b-c4-e6-aa b a e1 VLAN 2 VLAN 4 VLAN 6

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Switch IVL VLAN 2 VLAN 4 VLAN 6 Port MAC adress Ag. Time b a b a b b-c4-e6-aa a e b-c4-e6-aa b a e1 FID # 1 VLAN 2 FID # 2 VLAN 4 FID # 3 VLAN 6

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Switch IVL Client AClient B Porta 3 TRUNK Porta 2VLAN 15 VLAN 10 Server VLAN 10 VLAN 15 Switch(config)#int fastEthernet 0/3 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 10,15 Switch(config-if)#end Porta 1

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Switch IVL Client AClient B Porta 3 Porta 2VLAN 15 VLAN 10 Server VLAN 10 VLAN 15 Switch(config)#int fastEthernet 0/3 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode multi Switch(config-if)#switchport multi vlan add 10 Switch(config-if)#switchport multi vlan add 15 Switch(config-if)#end Porta 1

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Switch SVL Client AClient B Porta 3 Porta 2 Porta 1 VLAN 15 VLAN 10 VLAN 20 VLAN Porte condivise VLAN - Tabella di condivisione 20porta 1 e 2 10porta 3 15porta 3 Server VLAN 20 VLAN 10 VLAN 15

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Bridge VLAN-aware Bridge VLAN-aware Access link Trunk link (tutte le VLAN) VLAN 15 Spanning tree porta Blocking Bridge VLAN-aware Bridge VLAN-aware Access link VLAN 15 Spanning tree porta Blocking 1 o Caso 2 o Caso Trunk link (tutte le VLAN)

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl bridge 802.1D VLAN -unaware Server B (VLAN 15) Server A (VLAN 10) Client del Server B bridge 802.1D VLAN -unaware Bridge 802.1Q VLAN-aware STP porta Blocking Client del Server A bridge 802.1D VLAN -unaware Server B (VLAN 15) Server A (VLAN 10) Client del Server B bridge 802.1D VLAN -unaware Bridge 802.1Q VLAN-aware STP Porta Blocking Client del Server A 1 o Caso 2 o Caso (VLAN 10) (VLAN 15) (VLAN 10) (VLAN 15)

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl DA/SAType ………. DA/SALengthLLC DSAP/SSAP ………. DA/SALengthAA-AA Type ………. DA/SALengthAA-AA-03PID ………. DA/SALengthAA-AA F8Type ………. 1 - Ethernet RFC Private SNAP conforme a 802.1H con altri indirizzi LLC

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl DA/SAType ………. DA/SALengthAA-AA Type ………. Tipo di pacchetto Ether Type/ LLC Group ID Ethernet08-00A Ethernet08-06B RFC C RFC F Protocol Group Database Group IDVID A234 B567 C234 D567 1 Group IDVID A123 B 789 Insieme di VID per la porta 1 Insieme di VID per la porta 2 PVID porta 1 PVID porta 2 (Port VLAN ID) Ethernet RFC 1042

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl 1,7000,08002b ,8000,08002b ,6000,08002bc4e6aa Root albero 1 B A C 2,7000,08002b ,6000,08002b ,8000,08002bc4e6aa Root albero 2 B A C Albero 1VLAN 1, 3, 8, 10 Albero 2VLAN 2, 4, 5, 6 Albero 1 Bridge Priority Indirizzo MAC Albero 2 Bridge Priority Indirizzo MAC

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl 4420 RG1 (4420/ 4420 ) 4530 SST (4420) 4750 SST (4420) 4860 RG2 (4420/ 4860 ) Region RG3 (4420/ 4940 ) Region RG4 (4420/ 4690 ) Region 4 E D FS G P O R Q

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl 1,7000,08002b ,8000,08002b ,6000,08002bc4e6aa Root MSTI 1 B A C 2,7000,08002b ,6000,08002b ,8000,08002bc4e6aa Root MSTI 2 B A C 0,4420,08002b ,6830,08002b ,8570,08002bc4e6aa CIST Root B A C Region 1 MSTI 1 MSTI 2 Porzione del CST nella Region 1

Switched LAN - Mario Baldi, Pietro Nicoletti Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies srl Protocol Identifier Protocol Version Identifier BPDU Type CIST Flags CIST Root Identifier CIST External Path Cost CIST Regional Root Identifier CIST Port Identifier Message Age Max Age Hello Time Forward Delay Version 1 Length = 0 Version 3 Length MST Configuration Identifier CIST Internal Root Path Cost CIST Bridge Identifier CIST Remaining Hops MSTI Configuration Messages (può essere assente) 1– –13 14–17 18–25 26–27 28–29 30–31 32–33 34– –38 39–89 90–93 94– MSTI Flags MSTI Regional Root Identifier MSTI Internal Root Path Cost MSTI Bridge Priority MSTI Port Priority MSTI Remaining Hops 1 2–9 10– MSTI Configuration Message MSTI BPDU