Bacteria-Host Relationships commensals opportunistic pathogens primary pathogens.

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Presentation transcript:

Bacteria-Host Relationships commensals opportunistic pathogens primary pathogens

Bacteria-Host Relationships commensals opportunistic pathogens primary pathogens

Genetic differences between pathogens and non-pathogens 1.Genes present in pathogens, absent in non-pathogens. 2.Genes present in non-pathogens, absent in pathogens. 3.Allelic differences in genes present in pathogens and non-pathogens. 4.Differences in regulation and expression of identical genes present in pathogens and non-pathogens.

Copyright ©2004 by the National Academy of Sciences Hoffmaster, Alex R. et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, Fig. 3. B. cereus G9241 capsule Bacillus anthracis

Copyright ©2004 by the National Academy of Sciences Hoffmaster, Alex R. et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, Fig. 2. Unrooted, neighbor-joining tree derived from multiple-locus sequence typing of B. cereus G9241 and other Bacillus spp Relationship of B. anthracis to B. cereus

Plasmids of B. anthracis pXO1pXO2 cya atxA pagA pagR lefcapBCA acpA ++ chromosomal spo gene - toxinscapsule

Copyright ©2004 by the National Academy of Sciences Hoffmaster, Alex R. et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, Fig. 1. (A-B) Circular representations of the plasmids of B. cereus G9241 Lethal toxin plasmid in B. cereus

Similarity between type III and flagellar assembly

Type III

Ruffling triggered by Shigella

Invasion and Spread of Shigella

Shigella Actin Comets

Shigella-mediated actin polymerization

Autotransporter OM Insertion and Secretion

Deletion of cabA enhances virulence of Shigella E. coli strains have cabA (lysine decarboxylase) Shigella strains are deleted for the cabA region cabA attenuates virulence “Black Holes”

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)

Adherence-associated phenotypes of Aa LAP strain CU1000

The complete tight adherence locus 13 of 14 genes are required for adherence and fibril biogenesis flp-1 rcpC tadV rcpBrcpA flp-2 tadZtadGtadFtadDtadCtadBtadAtadE

RcpA Flp-1 TadZ TadB TadC TadV TadA Model for the tad Type II Secretion System

Fibril matrix for Aa adherence

Adherent Aa colonies

Yp Pm Sm Ct Hd Ps Pa Aa Af Cc Sm pSym Ml Cl Bp At Ml Mb Mt Cd Sc Aa Pm Hd Yp

plasmids

tad Loci in Other Bacteria Caulobacter crescentus - pili Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid Pasteurella multocida - virulence Vibrio fischeri - colonization of squid light organ Vibrio vulnificus - shellfish, virulence