Converging Lenses 2010-2011 Mrs. Scheitrum.

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Presentation transcript:

Converging Lenses 2010-2011 Mrs. Scheitrum

What is a Lens? A lens is a piece of transparent material that refracts light rays such that it forms an image. There are different types of lenses: Converging Diverging Today, we are only looking at converging lenses.

Converging Lens For the purpose of this class, we will look only at lenses that are symmetrical across their principal axis (horizontal). Converging lens – a lens that converges rays of light that are traveling parallel to its principal axis. Thick at the principal axis and thin at the edges.

Converging Lenses Double Convex Lens

Key Terms Principal axis – The imaginary line that runs horizontally and divides the lens symmetrically. Focal point – the point at which light converges (for a converging lens). Vertical axis – divides the lens in half vertically. Focal length (F) – the distance from the lens to the focal point.

www.physicsclassroom.com

Refraction Revisited When light passes from one boundary to another, it is refracted. This is true of lenses as well, causing the change in location of the image. How do we know where the image will be formed?

Refraction Revisited We can construct ‘ray diagrams’ of incident light rays in order to determine the image location. Note that the following rules are only true for thin lenses!

For Simplicity… We can assume that all objects take the form of an arrow… 2F F F 2F

Rules of Refraction – Rule #1 Any incident ray traveling parallel to the principal axis of a converging lens will refract through the lens and travel through the focal point on the opposite side of the lens. 2F F F 2F

Rules of Refraction – Rule #2 Any incident ray traveling through the focal point on the way to the lens will refract through the lens and travel parallel to the principal axis. 2F F F 2F

Rules of Refraction – Rule #3 An incident ray that passes through the center of the lens will in effect continue in the same direction that it had when it entered the lens. 2F F F 2F

Rules of Refraction – Image Location The image will appear where these lines intersect. 2F F F 2F

Objects Located at the Focal Point www.physicsclassroom.com

Examples Turn to the Ray Diagram side of the handout.

Mathematics of Lenses As always, there are equations that can help us solve for missing variables. These equations should look very familiar…

Mathematics of Lenses The Lens Equation Magnification Equation

Sign Conventions f is + if the lens is a converging lens. f is – if the lens is a diverging lens. di is + if the image is a real image and located on the opposite side of the lens. di is – if the image is a virtual image and located on the object’s side of the lens. hi is + if the image is an upright image (virtual). hi is – if the image is an inverted image (real).

Examples Turn to the Problems side of the handout.

Assignment Page 496, Problems 15-19