NAME Enhanced Observation Period NAME Science Working Group March, 2003 NAME Homepage:

The North American Monsoon Experiment Multiyear, multi-tier research program aimed at studying the sources and limits of predictability of warm season precipitation over N. America Scientific Objectives: Improve characterization of warm season convective processes in complex terrain (Tier 1) Describe and improve simulation of mechanisms controlling intraseasonal variability of the monsoon (Tier 2) Define the response of the warm season circulation and precipitation to slowly varying boundary conditions (Tier 3) Improve simulation and prediction of the North American Monsoon System and its variability

The North American Monsoon Experiment: Deliverables Deliver: an observing system design for monitoring and predicting the North American Monsoon System more comprehensive understanding for the North American summer climate variability and predictability strengthened multinational scientific collaboration across Pan America measurably improved climate models that predict North American monsoon variability months to seasons in advance

YEAR (2000+) Planning | Preparations | Data Collection | Principal Research | Data Management | The North American Monsoon Experiment: Timeline of Activities

Moisture Budget Region

Platform / Data LocationStatusContact Raingauges (event)MultipleFunded - OGPShuttleworth/Watts/Gochis/ Garatuza Raingauges (simple)MultipleFunded - OGPLobato/Higgins Sfc. Temp/RHMultipleFunded - OGPA. Douglas Wx. StationsSouthern ArizonaFunded - OGPJamison VegetationFoothills of SMOFunded - OGPM.Douglas/Watts Flux TowerFoothills of SMOPending- OGPKing Oceanographic Meas.Gulf of CaliforniaFunded - OGPCICESE Oceanic Fluxes BI-03 R/V Altair Gulf of CaliforniaFunded - OGPRutledge/Fairall w/ Mex. Navy Soil moisture sensors Aircraft (NASA DC-10) Remote sensing validationFunded - NASALettenmaier/Jackson/ Shuttleworth HydrometeorologyIntegrated networkFunded - OGPGochis et al. SUMMARY OF NAME ‘Surface Meteorology’ OBSERVATIONS - Funded and Installed - Funded

SMEX 04 Veg. Flux Site Simple Raingauges

NERN : Shuttleworth, Watts, Gochis, Garatuza 100 Event logging, tipping bucket raingages 6 major W-E transects traversing SMO Major improvement in topographic and temporal sampling of precipitation Installed , in operation through spring of 2006 Not available in real-time Contacts:

Simple Raingage Network : Higgins and Lobato 1000 Simple accumulation gages Covering major data sparse regions in North- central and North western Mexico Daily accumulated rainfall Improved spatial representation of precipitation Maintained by IMTA Not available in real-time Contact:

Augmentation of Southern Arizona ALERT Network: Jamison Installation of 3 additional ALERT, automated weather stations Improved monitoring in data-sparse border region in Southern Arizona Temp, RH, Press., Wind speed and direction, event precipitation Maintained by NWS Real-time and GTS availability Contact:

Augmented Surface Temperature and Humidity Measurements: A. Douglas 16 recording temperature and humidity sensors Deployed along SMO transects in collaboration with the NERN and CNA/SMN observatories Will help elucidate temp/RH profile over SMO Not available in real time Contacts:

Land – Atmosphere Fluxes from the Deciduous Tropical Forest: M. Douglas Flux tower, sounding and tethersonde measurements over a deciduous forest site in the SMO foothills Eddy-covariance fluxes Bare ground and canopy flux estimates Soil moisture measurements Additional PIBAL and surface met. stations Not available in realtime Contacts:

NAME Soil Moisture Field Campaign (SMEX04): Jackson Two domains: Walnut Gulch, AZ & northern Sonora, MX Multiscale measurement and validation of near surface soil moisture content NASA-AMSRE and NASA-P3 passive microwave Ground-based, TDR measurements Not available in real-time Contact: SMEX 04

Platform / Data LocationStatusContact NCAR SPOL RadarSinaloaFunded - NSFRutledge / Carbone NOAA P3 Airborne RadarGulf of CaliforniaFunded - OGPRutledge Upgraded SMN RadarsMultipleFunded – OGP/NSF/NASA Lang and Carbone SUMMARY OF NAME ‘Radar’ OBSERVATIONS

NEXRAD Yuma NCAR SPOL SMN Guasabe SMN El Palmito SMN Cd. Obregon SMN Los Cabos NEXRAD Tucson NEXRAD El Paso Radar Umbrella Radius: Approx. 150 km NEXRAD San Angelo NEXRAD Midland

SPOL Radar: Rutledge Deployed north of Mazatlan at La Cruz 24/7 operation Approx. 500m resolution, 120 km range Reflectivity, Doppler velocity products, microphysical detection Ground-validation via NERN Reflectivity available in real-time Contact: Mazatlan Culiacan La Cruz

SMN Radar: Lang, Carbone and SMN SMN C-band Doppler radars 4 locations: Cd. Obregon, Guasabe, Los Cabos, El Palmito 24/7 operation Reflectivity and Doppler velocity products Possible NCAR/RAP TITAN storm detection and tracking algorithm Ground-validation via NERN raingages Reflectivity available in real- time where internet service is available Contacts:

Platform / Data LocationStatusContact Enhanced NWS soundingsMultipleFunded - NWSZhou Enhanced SMN SoundingsMultiple Funded - OGPA.Douglas/Cortez PIBALS/radiosondesMultiple Funded - OGPM.Douglas Wind profile/soundingMultipleProposed – NOAA/ETLKing et al. Precipitation and vertical wind profiling Coastal Site near SPOLFunded – NOAA/AL/ETL Williams and White Oceanic soundings BI-03 R/V Altair Gulf of CaliforniaFunded - OGPRutledge/Fairall w/ Mex. Navy CICESEGulf of CaliforniaFunded - OGPCICESE / M. Douglas SUMMARY OF NAME ‘Atmospheric Profile’ OBSERVATIONS - Funded and Installed - Funded

NCAR ISS NCAR GLASS NWS Tucson NWS El Paso NWS San Diego NWS Flagstaff SMN Chihuahua SMN Torreon SMN Guaymas SMN La Paz SMN Mazatlan NWS Midland NWS Del Rio M. Douglas RAOB EOP Ship RAOB NOAA ETL/AL NWS Albuquerque SMN Zacatecas SMN Monterrey NWS Las Vegas NWS Amarillo SRP Phoenix

Integrated Sounding Systems: Johnson 3 NCAR/ISSs deployed at P. Peñasco, Kino Bay, Los Mochis –GPS soundings, 915 MHz wind profiler, RASS, sfc. met. –EOP: 2x Daily P. Peñasco, Kino Bay; 4x Los Mochis –IOP: 6x Los Mochis 1 NCAR GLASS system deployed at Loreto, BCS –GPS sounding, sfc. met. –EOP: 4x Daily; IOP: 6x Nominal Jul 1-Aug. 15 GTS available Contacts: Puerto Peñasco - ISS Kino Bay - ISS Los Mochis - ISS Loreto - GLASS

Enhanced Operational Soundings: Zhou/NWS, A. Douglas and Cortez/SMN Increased frequency of GPS soundings at 9 U.S. and 8 Mexican RAOB sites : –NWS: EOP 2x daily IOP 4x daily 20 IOP Days: Tucson, Las Vegas, San Diego, Flagstaff, Albuquerque, Midland, El Paso, Amarillo, Del Rio –SMN: EOP 2x daily (Start 6/21) IOP 6x daily 20 IOP Days: Chihuahua, Guaymas, Mazatlan, La Paz 12 IOP Days: Monterrey, Zacatecas, Torreon –DOD/Yuma: ??? Most Stations GTS available Contacts: Radiosonde photo courtesy of Vaisala, Inc.

PIBAL Soundings: Douglas Lower atmospheric profiles of wind speed and direction Instrumented balloon tracked from surface Approx. 20 stations proposed over the NAME region Not available in real-time Contact:

Precipitation and Vertical Wind Profiling: King, Williams and White Coastal Site (40 km NW of Spol Radar) –915 MHz vertical wind profiler w/ RASS –449 MHz vertical wind profiler –S-band reflectivity –Surface disdrometer –Surface met. and flux –Soil moisture –Cielometer May 28 – Sept 30, 2004 –*Partial deployment thru 2006 Available in near real-time Contacts: Coastal Site: Southern SIN

Platform / Data LocationStatusContact Aircraft (NOAA P-3)MazatlanFunded - OGPM. Douglas/Cotton SUMMARY OF NAME ‘Aircraft’ OBSERVATIONS Principal objectives: a) Mean moisture flux field estimation over the NAME tier 1 domain (6 flights, 48 h requested) b) Vertical and horizontal variations of the low-level jet, and the associated moisture flux variability (2 flights, 16h requested) c) Genesis of gulf surge events (2 flights, 16h requested) d) Horizontal structure and evolution of the sea-land and mountain-valley breeze circulations (2 flights, 18h requested) e) Mesoscale convective systems and/or their residuals (2 flights, 16 h) Contact:

Platform / Data LocationStatusContact Aircraft (NOAA P-3)MazatlanFunded - OGPM. Douglas/Cotton SUMMARY OF NAME ‘Aircraft’ OBSERVATIONS Budgeted flight hrs: 80 Airborne instrument package: –Flight level T, q, Press, U, V –Dropwinsonde capable –X-band Doppler Radar Some data available in real-time Contact:

Platform / Data LocationStatusContact Oceanographic Meas.Gulf of CaliforniaFunded - OGPM. Douglas & CICESE BI-03 R/V AltairGulf of CaliforniaFunded - OGPRutledge/Fairall w/ Mex. Navy SUMMARY OF NAME ‘Oceanographic’ OBSERVATIONS Surface and PBL meteorological measurements from a research vessel Ocean-atmosphere fluxes 915 MHz Wind profiler Cloud ceilometer Vaisala RS-90 rawinsondes CTD ocean profiles Location: 22.5 N 108 W July 5-22 : July 26-Aug. 12 Mex. Navy Vessel:

Oceanographic Measurements: CICESE and M. Douglas Multiple transects traversing the southern G. California Pilot balloons, tethersondes and non-GPS radiosondes Drifter deployment Sfc. met, water temp, salinity and current mapping Available in real-time CICESE Vessel:

NAME Enhanced Observation Period Jul. 1, 2004-Aug. 15, 2004 NAME Homepage: