Lecture 15: Course Review BJ Furman ME 30 16MAY2011

The Plan for Today Review of what we covered this semester  Overview of computers and programming  Algorithm development  Selection structures  Operators  Repetition structures  Modular programming  Pointers and Arrays  Strings  File I/O  Embedded programming  Spreadsheets for engineering computation  Matlab/Octave for engineering computation

Learning Objectives List the important concepts we covered Develop a plan to prepare for the final exam

Overview of computers and programming Where and how computers are used by MAEs  List some of the major areas  List some of the software Memory and addresses  Hex numbers as a shorthand for 4-bit chunks Data types  naming and declaration  memory allocation Formatted I/O with printf and scanf Focus of ME 30

Algorithm Development List and describe the steps in designing a program Articulate what is meant by an algorithm Be able to generate pseudocode for an algorithm

Selection Structures Be able to apply the three kinds of selection structures:  if  if/else  switch Syntax and logic Relational operators ( >= != ==)  test for equality Logical operators ( &&, | |, ! )  Used in compound expressions for selection decision  Bit-wise ( &, |, ~, ^ )

Repetition Structures Be able to apply the three kinds of repetition structures:  while  do/while  for Syntax and logic

Modular Programming (functions) Why are functions important? Working with functions  function prototype  defining a function return data type passing arguments Scope of variables  Program (global scope)  File (just in the immediate source file)  Function-prototype (just in the prototype)  Function (applies only to labels)  Block (“between the { } scope”) Pointers and returning multiple values

Pointers and Arrays What is a pointer?  A variable that holds an address for a memory location int *ptr1 = &myvar1 ; // defines a pointer to an int and assigns the memory location of the variable myvar1 Using the indirection operator to get the value pointed to int myvar1 = 32 ; int *ptr1 = &myvar1; *ptr1 = *ptr1 + 1; // myvar1 == ?? What is an array? Declare and initialize an array Access elements in an array  remember that in C, indexing starts at 0! Arrays and pointers

Strings What is a string?  NUL ( \0 ) terminated array of characters String constant, string variable  "Hello, world";  char a[ ] = "Hello, world"; How many elements in this array?  sizeof (a) / sizeof (char); Access elements in an string variable  remember that in C, indexing starts at 0! Strings and pointers  Name of string variable is treated like a pointer to its first element

Microcontrollers Handling printed circuit boards Arduino microcontroller Inputs and Outputs  How to specify whether a pin is an input or output Programming the Arduino Reading to and writing from digital pins Reading to and writing from analog pins Writing a program for the Arduino  setup()  loop()

Excel for Engineering Applications Chart types  Scatter vs. line Opening data files Annotating charts for publication Trend line and regression Using Solver Macros

Matlab/Octave for Engineering Applications Array and vector creation  Array indexing starts with 1 Manipulating elements in arrays Matrix operations Script files and functions File I/O Plotting

Review

References

IF Structure Syntax if(expression) /* if expression is TRUE (not equal to zero) */ { statement1; /* then execute statements between { } */ statement2; } else { statement3; /* otherwise execute these statements */ statement4; }

Switch-case structure switch(expression) // Expression must result in an integer value { case match1: // if exp is match1, then execute statements between { } { statement1; } break; case match2: // if exp is match1, then execute statements between { } { statement2; } break; default: // if no match, then execute statements between { } { statement3; } break;

WHILE Structure Syntax while(expression) /* if expression is TRUE (!= zero) */ { statement1; /* then execute statements between { } */ statement2; }

DO-WHILE Structure Syntax do { statement1; // do the stuff between the { } statement2; } while(condition); // while condition is true

FOR Structure Syntax for(i=0; i<5; i++) { statement1; // do the stuff between the { } statement2; }