Types of Trafficking Bonded Labor Debt Bondage Among Migrant Laborers Sex Trafficking Child Soldiers Forced Marriages Involuntary Domestic Servitude Forced Child Labor

What does human trafficking look like? Trafficking ≠ Smuggling Can it happen in Iowa? Trafficking > Smuggling

Polaris Project: Cases in 2014

Human trafficking routes generally track the routes commonly used for drug trafficking Human traffickers often supply drugs to their victims in order to control their actions. Traffickers benefit from having victims become dependent upon drugs.

This is what human trafficking looks like – in Iowa

Iowa Cases: Sex Trafficking Iowa Cases: Sex Trafficking

Iowa Human Trafficking Law Iowa Code Chapter 710A Iowa Human Trafficking Law Iowa Code Chapter 710A participating in a venture “Human trafficking” means participating in a venture to recruit, harbor, transport, supply provisions, or obtain a person for any of the following purposes: Forced labor or service (1) Forced labor or service that results in involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. Commercial sexual activity (2) Commercial sexual activity through the use of force, fraud, or coercion, except that if the trafficked person is under the age of eighteen, the commercial sexual activity need not involve force, fraud, or coercion. participating in a venture “Human trafficking” means participating in a venture to recruit, harbor, transport, supply provisions, or obtain a person for any of the following purposes: Forced labor or service (1) Forced labor or service that results in involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. Commercial sexual activity (2) Commercial sexual activity through the use of force, fraud, or coercion, except that if the trafficked person is under the age of eighteen, the commercial sexual activity need not involve force, fraud, or coercion. knowingly purchasing or attempting to purchase “Human trafficking” also means knowingly purchasing or attempting to purchase services involving commercial sexual activity from a victim or another person engaged in human trafficking. Iowa Code § 710A.1(1)

Iowa Human Trafficking Law Iowa Code Chapter 710A Iowa Human Trafficking Law Iowa Code Chapter 710A Felony offense: B Felony (25 years) C Felony (10 years) D Felony (5 years) Factors affecting seriousness: ▸ Type of activity ▸ Age of victim ▸ Injury resulting Affirmative defense: compulsion No mandatory sentencing provisions but now it is a forcible felony (as of 7/1/2015) Felony offense: B Felony (25 years) C Felony (10 years) D Felony (5 years) Factors affecting seriousness: ▸ Type of activity ▸ Age of victim ▸ Injury resulting Affirmative defense: compulsion No mandatory sentencing provisions but now it is a forcible felony (as of 7/1/2015) Iowa Code § 710A.2

Human Trafficking Cases in Iowa Teens trafficked via strip clubs Iowa doctor provided drugs to sex ring in South Dakota Teen trafficked in NE Iowa Truck driver took teen across states Teen trafficked from Minneapolis Omaha sex ring included trafficking to Iowa Trafficked teens in Council Bluffs Couple trafficked teens in Des Moines Commonalities ▪ At-risk/runaway teens ▪ Sex trafficking ▪ Enticement, then physical coercion ▪ Trafficking victims were drugged ▪ Division of labor among traffickers ▪“Circuits” for commercial sex trafficking ▪ National reach for circuits ▪ Online advertising Commonalities ▪ At-risk/runaway teens ▪ Sex trafficking ▪ Enticement, then physical coercion ▪ Trafficking victims were drugged ▪ Division of labor among traffickers ▪“Circuits” for commercial sex trafficking ▪ National reach for circuits ▪ Online advertising Trafficking teen girls for prostitution Prostitution & photos of teens Multi-state trafficking ring

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Signs of Teen Sex Trafficking  Unexplained absence from school  Runs away from home  Fearful, anxious, depressed, tense  Inability to speak for themselves  Deprived of food, water, sleep, medical care (malnourished)  Minimal contact with family  “Boyfriend” or “uncle” or “daddy” controls teen’s life, speaks for teen  Tattoos or someone’s name  Sexually transmitted diseases  Multiple cell phones Who is at risk? Teens – Runaways, Throwaways, victims of sexual abuse

Severely Underreported: Labor Trafficking Signs of Labor Trafficking  Escorted to and from a work site  Living at or near the work site  Kept under surveillance  Housed with others who have similar jobs  Extreme reluctance or fearful of talking with others  Indicators of physical abuse  Payment does not go to worker  Does not possess the worker’s own identification documents

PublicAwareness VictimServicesVictimServices InvestigationResourcesInvestigationResources Justice System Response Response Human Trafficking Strategy LegislativeResponseLegislativeResponse FundingFunding

PublicAwareness VictimServicesVictimServices InvestigationResourcesInvestigationResources Justice System Response Response Human Trafficking Strategy LegislativeResponseLegislativeResponse FundingFunding

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Victim Services Emergency ServicesLong-term Services Residential Services Legal Services Trauma-Informed Counseling Single Gender Mixed Gender AdultsJuveniles Medical Services Training for Providers

Investigative Resources Interdiction Investigative Training On the street resources Local State Federal Task Forces Intelligence-Led Policing Understanding trafficking Making connections Collecting evidence Interview & interrogation Working with victims Human Trafficking 101

Justice System Response Juvenile Actions Training System resources & demands Criminal Charges Judges Lawyers Prosecutors Federal State CINA Delinquency Adult Court: Pretrial, Trial & Sentencing Juvenile: Adjudication & Court Services Juvenile Court Officers

Legislative Response Coordination Assessment of current needs & law Proposals for Amendments Funding Strategies All interested agencies develop a strategy months before the legislative session Consider model laws, identify resources in Iowa, develop goals and objectives of the Iowa law All interested agencies develop a strategy months before the legislative session Develop funding streams Identify needs StateFederal Private

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