Modern Udmurt language: social and cultural aspects Svetlana Edygarova, University of Tartu.

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Presentation transcript:

Modern Udmurt language: social and cultural aspects Svetlana Edygarova, University of Tartu

Finno-Ugric languagesSamoyedic languages Nenets, Enets, Nganasan, Selkup, FinnicUgric Hungarian, Khanty, Mansi Baltic-FinnicVolga-FinnicPermic Finnish, Estonian,Mordvin (Erzya, Moksha, Komi, Komi Permyak, Livonian,Veps, Shoksha), Mari (Hill Mari,Udmurt Votic, Karelian,Meadow Mari) Ingrian, Sami Uralic language family Kamas

UDMURTS Name variants: “ar”, “arsk people”, “votyak” Ethnic name: “udmurt”, “udmort”, “ukmort” Location: Udmurtia, Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Mari El, Perm and Kirov oblast

“

The map of the Russian Federation

Population of Udmurt Republic 1,64 million in general Udmurts % Russians % Tatars 4.3 % Others According to the last census of the population (2002) Udmurts are , 72 % speaks mother tongue In 1989 the figure was Udmurt language is endangered language according to UNESCO red book on endangered languages

Udmurt is co-official with Russian language in Udmurt Republic

Studies: -Udmurt language as a mother tongue, -Udmurt literature, -History of Finno-Ugric languages, -Foreign languages (Finnish, Hungarian, English, German) -Summer school of Udmurt language for foreigners

Periodicals Udmurt dunne Invozho Kenesh Vorskem kyl Dzechbur! Kizili

Literature and arts Etnofuturism Motives of pagan culture Nature and civilization Contrastive expression Mythology

Religion - In ancient times Udmurts worshiped the powers of nature and pagan gods. Some of the religious structures and sites remain up to the present day in some Udmurt villages. Ancient priests used to pray and worship there. Some of the folk holidays take place there now (Gerber). - The religion of the Udmurts has strong animistic roots. They worship ancestors as well as the gods of the earth, forest, sky, water, house, sauna etc.

Southern Udmurts (19 th century)

Modern Southern Udmurts (2008)

Northern Udmurts from Kirovsky region (20 th century)

Northern Udmurts (2008)

Udmurt alphabet А Й Х Б К Ц В Л Ч Г М ӵ Д Н Ш Е О Щ Ё Ö Ъ Ж ПЫ ӝ Р Ь З СЭ ӟ ТЮ И УЯ ӥ Ф

Some words in Udmurt language Udm.Transcr.Fin. Eng. тыл [tyl]tulifire кык [kyk]kaksitwo кыл[kyl]kielitongue, language пу[pu]puutree вир [vir]veriblood лымы [lymy]lumisnow синм-[s “ inm] му[mu] муск-[musk] вöй[vöj]

Grammatical examples Udm. (Ton) pon-i-d kõk pu gur-e Est. (Sina) pan-i-d kaks puu-d ahj-u Eng.(You)puttwo(fire)wood oven-to ‘You put two pieces of firewood to the oven’

Declination EstonianUdmurt 1. Nominativemetss’ik 3. Genitivemetsas’ik-len 4. Partitive/Accusativemetsas’ik/s’ik-ez 5. Ablativemetsa-lts’ik-les’ 6. Allative/Dativemetsa-les’ik-ly 7. Adessivemetsa-ls’ik-len 8. Comitative/instrumental metsa-gas’ik-en 9. Abessivemetsa-tas’ik-tek 10. Inessivemetsa-ss’ik-yn 11. Illativemetsa-sses’ik-e 12. Elativemetsa-sts’ik-ys’(t) 13. Terminativemetsa-nis’ik-oz’ 14. Translativemetsa-ks- 15. Essivemetsa-na- 16. Egressive-s’ik-ys’en 17. Prolative-s’ik-eti 18. Approximative s’ik-lan’

Uralic morphosyntax in Udmurt language: comparative survey of possessive constructions in Udmurt and Uralic languages

Possessee marking Udm. korka-my Fin. talo-mme Hun. ház-unk house-Px.1PL ‘our house’ majority of Uralic languages (except Estonian, Livonian)

Morphologically distinguishes plural objects (in singular only) korka-os-yd house-PL-PX.2SG ‘your houses’ inalienable objects (in singular only) jyr-yd vs. korka-jed head-PX.2SG ‘your head’

No marking: Juxtaposition korka ös ‘house door’ House-NOM door-NOM In Komi, Mari, Mordvin, Hungarian, Nenets

Duble marking 1. korka-len ös-ez house-GEN door-Px.3SG ‘the door of the house’ Mari, Hungarian, Mordvin

2. korka-les’ ös-s-e chigt-i-d house-ABL door-PX.3SG-ACC break-1PRET-2SG ‘you broke the door of the house’ Ul’cha-ys’ piosmurt-ez adzdz-i street-EL man-ACCsee-1PRET-1SG ‘I saw a man in the street’ Komi

Possessor marking Udm. Myn-am mylkyd kapchi I-GENmoodeasy ‘I am in good mood’ Fin. poja-n kirja boy-GEN book ‘boy’s book’ Komi, Mari, Mordvin, Hungarian, Finnic, Nenets

Possessive adjectives Udm. chagyr s’inm-o nyl blueeye-withgirl ‘a girl with blue eyes’ Fin. Tuma-tukka-inen mies ‘man with dark hair’ Komi, Estonian, Finnish

Тау кылзэмды понна!