Unit 4 – Reproduction and Genetics Lesson: Lesson 10 Chromosomes and Genetics Colorado Agriscience Curriculum

Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes and Gentics PP2 

3 Chromosomes and Genetics  What do I know about chromosomes?  What do I think I know about chromosomes?  What don’t I know about chromosomes?

Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes and Gentics PP4 Objectives  1. Identify the anatomy of chromosomes. 2. Understand how chromosomes determine gender. 2. Understand how chromosomes determine gender.  3. Identify chromosome structure and identify chromosome mutations.

Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes and Gentics PP5 I. Chromosome Terminology  A) Self – Replicating genetic structure of cells containing DNA that bears genes  B) Chromatids 2 exact copies of DNA that makes up a chromosome 2 exact copies of DNA that makes up a chromosome  C) Centromere –Place where chromatids are attached to form a chromosome

Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes and Gentics PP6 I. Chromosome Terminology  D) Homologous Chromosome Chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content Chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content  E) Genes –1. Fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity –2. Found on chromosomes  F) Gametes –1. Organisms reproductive cells (sperm/egg)  G) Somatic cells –1. All cells besides sex cells

Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes and Gentics PP7 I. Chromosome Terminology  H) Diploid –A cell that contains two sets of like chromosomes  I) Haploid – A cell that contains one set of like chromosomes  J) Zygote – A fertilized ovum

E - Moment Hieroglyphic Moment

Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes and Gentics PP9 II. Gender  A) Autosomes –1. Chromosomes that are not involved in determining the gender of an individual  B) Sex Chromosomes –1. One pair of chromosomes that determine gender  A. X chromosome = FM = XX  B. Y chromosome = M = XY

Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes and Gentics PP10 III. Number of Chromosomes  Humans = 46  Cattle = 60  Sheep = 54  Swine = 38  Horses = 64  Corn = 20  2 chromosomes are sex chromosomes  1/2 of the total # of chromosomes is contributed by the male and 1/2 by the female

Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes and Gentics PP11 V. Chromosome Structure  Down load or scan picture

Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes and Gentics PP12 VI: Chromosome Mutations  A) change in an organisms chromosome structure –1. Deletion  A. piece of a chromosome breaks off (often fatal) –2. Duplication  A. fragment of a chromosome attaches to its homologue –3. Inversion  Fragment reattaches to its chrom. ???? Is placed their backwards

Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes and Gentics PP13 IV. Genetic Disorders  A. Usually caused by mutations –1. Fainting Goats  a. defect in muscle tissue that causes temporary tetanus when under stress –  Research history of the breed to decide if all genetic mutations are bad.