CUDOS: the ethos of modern science – ROBERT MERTON: HOMEWORK: READ ON BLOG AND MAKE NOTES CUDOS: the ethos of modern science – ROBERT MERTON: Communalism: all scientists should have equal access to scientific goods (intellectual property) and there should be a sense of common ownership in order to promote collective collaboration, secrecy is the opposite of this norm.  Universalism: all scientists can contribute to science regardless of race, nationality, culture, or gender.  Disinterestedness: according to which scientists are supposed to act for the benefit of a common scientific enterprise, rather than for personal gain.  Organized Scepticism:  Scepticism  means that scientific claims must be exposed to critical scrutiny before being accepted.  http://scienceblogs.com/ethicsandscience/2008/01/29/basic-concepts-the-norms-of-sc/

Compare your essay to mine, what key areas can you improve upon? 18 mark essay feedback Read my model answer Compare your essay to mine, what key areas can you improve upon?

WHAT IS IDEOLOGY AND WHAT EXAMPLES ARE THERE?

IDEOLOGY a way of seeing the world. Ideologies are like lenses through which we view just about everything. They offer pre-packaged solutions to problems 

IDEOLOGY Judging a given issue with preconceived ideas and that distorts one’s understanding

IDEOLOGY Still, the most common use of ‘ideology’ was pejorative: ideology is opposed to ‘fact’, ‘logic’, ‘reason’, ‘philosophy’, and even ‘truth’. (Grossberg, 2005: 177)

IDEOLOGY Ideology is often used to describe the ideas of others, and never to describe one’s own ideas

IDEOLOGY Without these frameworks, we could not make sense of the world. But with them, our perceptions are inevitably structured in a particular direction by the very concepts we are using. (Donald and Hall, 1986)

Is religion an ideology?

TASK: If you were in charge of the UK, what ideologies might you promote?

IDEOLOGY Heywood listed the following meanings of ideology: A political belief system; an action-oriented set of political ideas; the ideas of the ruling class The world view of a particular social class or group; Ideas that propagate a false consciousness among the exploited or oppressed An officially sanctioned set of beliefs used to legitimise a political system or regime An all-embracing political doctrine that claims a monopoly of truth

TASK: For the following, identify 3 examples of ideology for each group identified

1. A political belief system

2. An action-oriented set of political ideas

3. The ideas of the ruling class

Flobots - Handlebars TASK: WHAT DO YOU THINK THIS SONG MEANS? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLUX0y4EptA TASK: WHAT DO YOU THINK THIS SONG MEANS? WRITE A SENTENCE OR TWO

This song relates to a theme reoccurring throughout literature, as evidenced by its inclusion in Shakespeare's Macbeth. The theme is the idea that "ambition becomes the demise of its holder." As children we all have innocent goals which we reach through our ambition to be admired by our social peers, i.e. riding our bike with no handlebars." As we age our goals lose their innocence just as we lose our childhood innocence through exposure to the real world. often time our goals and ambition to accomplish the goals has unforeseen consequence not only on ourselves but those around, even the entirety of humanity depending on the goal. This is evidenced by this rise of Nazi regime led by Adolph Hitler. Adolph Hitler's goal was to create a utopian society for the Ayran race. His ambition to reach this goal caused many horrific tragedies and the loss of millions of lives, thus his ambition became his demise.

Mannheim Mannheim drew a distinction between Thought systems that served to protect a particular social order (ideologies) Idealised representations of a future society that better served the interests of subordinate groups (utopias).

The world view of a particular social class or group

4. Ideas that propagate a false consciousness among the exploited or oppressed

The most efficient oppressor is the one who persuades his underlings to love, desire and identify with his power; and any practice of political emancipation thus involves that most difficult of all forms of liberation, freeing ourselves from ourselves. (Eagleton 1991)

TASK: Immortal Technique: The 4th Branch WHAT DO YOU THINK THIS SONG MEANS? WRITE A SENTENCE OR TWO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSfk0wLs4EE stop after 3 minutes!

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Ideology as false consciousness

Louis Althusser "Ideology represents the imaginary relationship of individuals to their REAL conditions of existence" 

Hebert Marcuse One dimensional man

5. An officially sanctioned set of beliefs used to legitimise a political system or regime

6. An all-embracing political doctrine that claims a monopoly of truth

Imagine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVg2EJvvlF8