World of Insects Characteristics, Orders, and Collecting

What You Should Know About Insects …

Taxonomy Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Arthropoda Class - Insecta

Insects Are Arthropods Insects are the largest group of Arthropods Jointed appendages (bendable) Segmented bodies Exoskeleton of Chitin that must be molted to grow Related to spiders, ticks, scorpions, millipedes, crustacean s

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS Three body regions – head, thorax, and abdomen One pair antenna (head) Six legs or 3 pairs (thorax) One-two pairs of wings (thorax)

Count the Legs! SIX THORAX There are ALWAYS SIX legs, and they are attached to the THORAX

Antenna One Pair on head Jointed Sensory (smell) Called “feelers” Filiform most common shape (segments = size) May be modified FILIFORM

Antenna Modifications

Wings or No Wings Most adults have 2 pairs Called forewings and hindwings Some insects are wingless (silverfish, fleas, some termites and ants)

More on Wings A network of Veins strengthens wing s MEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGS

Some Wings Are Covered With Powdery Scales BUTTERFLIES & MOTHS

Wings May Be Modified Order Diptera (flies) 2 nd pair of wings modified into HALTERES (Жужжальца) Used for balance Makes flies hard to catch!

Beetle Wings Hard Forewing called Elytra(Надкрылья) Meet in straight line down the abdomen Membranous hindwings folded underneath (flight) ELYTRA

CIRCLE THE INSECTS

INSECT ORDERS INSECTS WITH WINGS

Why Can’t I Call All of Them Bugs? EVERY BUG NOT ALL INSECTSEVERY BUG is an insect, but NOT ALL INSECTS are bugs! HEMIPTERATrue BUGS are in the Order HEMIPTERA (Полужесткокрылые) Posterior thorax is triangular; called SCUTELLUMPosterior thorax is triangular; called SCUTELLUM Last 3 rd of wing CLEARLast 3 rd of wing CLEAR

Which of these are BUGS? ALL

More Hemipterans Assassin Bug Giant Water Bug Leaf Hopper Water Boatman

Coleoptera() Coleoptera(Жесткокрылые) beetles Called beetles exoskeleton Tough exoskeleton Elytra Forewings called Elytra (Надкрылья) Fly with membranous hindwings Larva(Личинки) called grubs Rhinoceros beetle Cucumber beetle Ladybird beetle

Ephemeroptera(Подёнки) MayfliesCalled Mayflies aquaticnaiadsJuveniles are aquatic; called naiads Adults found near water & don’t feedAdults found near water & don’t feed Adults reproduce & die in 24 hoursAdults reproduce & die in 24 hours ADULT NAIAD

Diptera(двукрылых) mosquitoes fliesContains mosquitoes & flies One pairOne pair functional wings halteres(жужжал ьца)Club-shaped halteres(жужжал ьца) for balance hairyBodies often hairy Green Bottle fly Hover Fly Fruit Fly Aedes Mosquito

Orthoptera(Прямокрылые) Grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, katydidsGrasshoppers, locusts, crickets, katydids longVery long bodies jumpingRear(Задняя) legs modified for jumping Females with egg laying tube (ovipositor on end of abdomen) Often communicate with chirping sounds

Lepidoptera(чешуекрылых) Moths, butterflies, & skippersMoths, butterflies, & skippers Powdery scalesPowdery scales on wings flatButterflies fold wings flat above body at rest Mothsnight activeMoths are night active Important plant pollinators

Hymenoptera(Перепончатокрылые) Bees, ants, waspsBees, ants, wasps Narrow waiNarrow waist(талья) connects thorax & abdomen Abdomen curvedAbdomen curved downward stinger(жало)May have stinger(жало) on end of abdomen Carpenter bee Red ant Yellow jacket

INSECT ORDERS WINGLESS INSECTS

Thysanura() Thysanura(Щетинохвостки) Called Silverfish Found around houses or outside under stones or wood Fast runners Damage books Secretive and active at night. Flat, long bodies Long antennae Three, long, tail like appendages

Siphonaptera() Siphonaptera(Блохи) FleasFleas EctoparasitesEctoparasites Bodies laterally compressed hind jumping legsEnlarged hind jumping legs Very short antenna

Anoplura(Вши) Sucking liceSucking lice ParasitesParasites of mammals smallVery small Headbody liceHead and body lice are examples Attracted to children’s fine hair Carry disease

Metamorphosis CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT

Metamorphosis – The changes in the shape or characteristics of an organism’s body as it grows and matures. Some animals, especially insects, have one kind of body when they are young and a very different kind of body when they are adults.

Incomplete Egg- nymph- adult *Three stages of development At each stage the insect looks much the same as it does when it becomes an adult. Examples: Grasshopper or cockroaches Complete Egg -Larvae-Pupae-Adult Four stages of development

Incomplete INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOUS Insects change shape gradually!

Complete Metamorphosis Four stages that all look different

Amorphic Insects SpringtailsSilverfish

Insects with Complete Metamorphosis ColeopteraColeoptera (beetles) HymenopteraHymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps) Diptera LepidopteraDiptera (flies) Lepidoptera (butterflies) EGG  LARVA() EGG  LARVA( личинка )  PUPA()  ADULT  PUPA( куколка )  ADULT

Insects with Incomplete Metamorphosis SiphonapteraSiphonaptera (fleas) IsopteraIsoptera (termites) OrthopteraOrthoptera (grasshoppers & crickets) HemipteraHemiptera (true bugs) HomopteraHomoptera (cicadas & hoppers) EGG  NYMPH  ADULT Wings NOT fully developed