Nematode Thresholds and Damage Levels for California Crops Howard Ferris.

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Presentation transcript:

Nematode Thresholds and Damage Levels for California Crops Howard Ferris

Some of those involved…. Dan Ball Larry Duncan Pete Goodell Joe Noling Diane Alston Sally Schneider Lance Beem

That initial population at which the difference in crop value with and without management is equal to the cost of the management The Economic Threshold amended Most nematode management decisions made before planting Pest population already present Pest population measurable Growing conditions are stable – temperature, moisture – time of planting Nematode population dynamics should be stable Damage should be predictable Premises:

Thresholds by field plot South Coast Field Station USDA Shafter Tulelake

Thresholds by transect Imperial and Coachella Valleys Ventura County Tulare County

Economic Threshold – Discrete Costs Model

Optimization – Continuous Costs Model

Seinhorst Damage Function Y=m+(1-m)z (P i -T) Y=relative yield m=minimum yield Z=regression parameter P i =population level T=tolerance level Based on preplant population levels – measured or predicted from overwinter survival rates

Case Study on Cotton CultivarSoilLocation(T)oleranceZm SJ2loamy sandsouth SJV Deltapineloamy sandimperial SJ2, SJ5, SJ-C1l. sand/s. loamsouth SJV average (all) average (SJV) SJ2(-FOV)sandy loamsouth SJV SJ2(+FOV)sandy loamsouth SJV

Meloidogyne incognita, J2/250 cc soil Expected % yield loss at different preplant nematode densities CultivarSoilLocationThreshold SJ2loamy sandsouth SJV Deltapineloamy sandimperial SJ2, SJ5, SJ-C1l. sand/s. loamsouth SJV average (all) average (SJV) SJ2(-FOV)sandy loamsouth SJV SJ2(+FOV)sandy loamsouth SJV Case Study on Cotton

Damage Function Parameters for Selected Crops Crop(T)oleranceZm Bell Pepper Cantaloupe Carrot Chile Pepper Cotton Cowpea Potato Snapbean Squash Sugarbeet Sweetpotato Tomato

Thresholds and Expected Yield Loss Meloidogyne incognita, J2/250 cc soil; adjusted for extraction efficiency Expected % yield loss at different preplant nematode densities CropThreshold Bell Pepper Cantaloupe Carrot Chile Pepper Cotton Cowpea Potato Snapbean Squash Sugarbeet Sweetpotato Tomato

Expected Damage Meloidogyne chitwoodi; summer crop potato; Klamath Basin Fall population levels; adjusted for extraction efficiency Expected % tuber blemish at different fall nematode densities J2/250 cc % Blemish

temporal avoidance

Thresholds and Expected Yield Loss CultivarSoilLocation(T)oleranceZm US-H9clayImperial US-H9loamSJV/Idaho Heterodera schachtii, eggs/100g soil Sugarbeets CultivarSoilLocationThreshold US-H9clayImperial US-H9loamSJV/Idaho Expected % yield loss at different preplant nematode densities Data from P.A. Roberts

Optimized Discrete Model

Years After Planting Host Crop Pi(t+x)

Perennial Crop Considerations

Year DD AUC LU LT NU NT Year DD AUC LU LT NU NT Year DD AUC LU LT NU NT

Some References Benedict, J.H., K.M. El-Zik, L.R. Oliver, P.A. Roberts, and L.T. Wilson Economic injury levels for cotton pests. Chapter 6. In: Integrated Pest Management Systems and Cotton Production. R.E. Frisbie, K.M. El-Zik, and L.T. Wilson (eds.). John Wiley and Sons, New York. Pp Cooke, D. A., and I. J. Thomason The relationship between population density of Heterodera schachtii, soil temperature, and sugarbeet yields. Journal of Nematology 11: Duncan, L. W. and H. Ferris Effects of Meloidogyne incognita on cotton and cowpeas in rotation. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conference: Ferris, H Probability range in damage predictions as related to sampling decisions. Journal of Nematology 16: Ferris, H Population assessment and management strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes. Agricultural, Ecosystems and Environment 12(1984/85): Ferris, H., D. A. Ball, L. W. Beem and L. A. Gudmundson Using nematode count data in crop management decisions. California Agriculture 40: Ferris, H., H. L. Carlson and B. B. Westerdahl Nematode population changes under crop rotation sequences: consequences for potato production. Agronomy Journal 86: Ferris, H., P. B. Goodell and M. V. McKenry Sampling for nematodes. California Agriculture 35: Goodell, P.B., M. A. McClure, P. A. Roberts, and S. H. Thomas Nematodes. In: Integrated Pest Management for Cotton in the Western Region of the United States. 2nd edition. Univ. of California Publ. No Pp Roberts, P.A. and G.D. Griffin The economic feasibility of management alternatives. In: Quantifying Nematode Control. G.D. Griffin and P.A. Roberts (eds.). Western Regional Research Publication #149, Utah State University Press, Logan, UT. Pp Roberts, P.A. and I.J. Thomason Sugarbeet Pest Management: Nematodes. Univ. of California Special Publ. No pages.