Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology Chapter 9

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Respiration

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Food serves as a source of raw materials for the cells in the body and as a source of energy. Animal Plant Animal Cells Plant Cells Mitochondrion

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 36 ATP Cellular Respiration – mitochondria breakdown glucose to produce ATP

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3 Stages of Cellular Respiration 1.Glycolysis Occurs in cytoplasm No oxygen required Break down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid 2 molecules of ATP are used to start reaction 4 ATP molecules are produced Your body gets to store 2 ATP and 2 ATP go back to restart the reaction

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall NAD+ - an energy carrying molecule NADH when it is carrying an electron (energy) Glucose + 2 ATP → 2 pyruvic acid 4 ATP (body stores 2 and 2 restart the reaction) 2 NADH

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall After glycolysis the pyruvic acid molecules move to the mitochondria

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2. Citric Acid Cycle Also called Kreb Cycle Occurs in the mitochondria Aerobic – requires oxygen 2 pyruvic acid → citric acid 2 ATP 4 CO 2 2 FADH 2 6 NADH

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3. Electron Transport Chain Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria Aerobic NADH and FADH 2 energized electrons are passed from protein to protein The energy associated with highly energized electron forms ATP from ADP Energy being released from electron allows O 2 to bond with H + to make H 2 O Produces 32 ATP molecules 32 ADP → 32 ATP O 2 → H 2 O

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall When your cells are without oxygen an anaerobic process called fermentation proceeds Provides a way to continue producing ATP until oxygen is available again

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2 Types of Fermentation 1.Lactic Acid Anaerobic Occurs in cytoplasm Occurs in animals 2 Pryuvic acid is broken down into 2 lactic acid Lactic acid build up in muscles and causes burn or fatigue 2 pyruvic acid → 2 lactic acid

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2. Alcoholic Fermentation Anaerobic Occurs in cytoplasm Occurs in yeast, bacteria, plants Produce CO 2 and ethyl alcohol 2 pyruvic acid → 2 ethyl alcohol

Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 36 ATP Glycolysis (anaerobic, cytoplasm) 1 C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose) + 2 ATP → 2 pyruvic acid 4 ATP (your body stores 2 and 2 restart the reaction) Aerobic O 2 present occurs in mitochondria occurs in cytoplasm Anaerobic No O 2 present Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) 2 pyruvic acid → 2 citric acid 4 CO 2 2 ATP electrons → 32 ADP → 32 ATP H + + O 2 → H 2 O Lactic Acid Fermentation animals pyruvic acid → lactic acid No CO 2 produced CO 2 produced Alcoholic Fermentation plants, fungi, bacteria, yeast pyruvic acid → ethyl alcohol Electron Transport Chain 6 NADH Fermentation

Comparing photosynthesis and respiration PhotosynthesisRespiration Function Uses light to make energy (sugars/starches) Makes energy by breaking down glucose Location ChloroplastsMitochondria Reactants CO 2 + H 2 O + lightC 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Products C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + 36 ATP Equation 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 36 ATP