Slide 1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS AEROBIC RESPIRATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O SUNLIGHT In-text figure Page 133

Slide 2 start (glycolysis) in cytoplasm completed in mitochondrion start (glycolysis) in cytoplasm completed in cytoplasm Aerobic RespirationAnaerobic Energy- Releasing Pathways Figure 8.2 Page 135

Slide 3 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O glucoseoxygen carbon dioxide water Summary Equation for Aerobic Respiration In-text figure Page 134

Slide 4 CYTOPLASM Glycolysis Electron Transfer Phosphorylation Krebs Cycle ATP 2 CO 2 4 CO water 2 NADH 8 NADH 2 FADH 2 2 NADH 2 pyruvate e - + H + e - + oxygen (2 ATP net) glucose Typical Energy Yield : 36 ATP e-e- e - + H + ATP H+H+ e - + H + ATP 2 4 Figure 8.3 Page 135

Slide 5 GLUCOSE In-text figure Page 136

Slide 6 glucose pyruvate animal cell (eukaryotic) plant cell (eukaryotic) bacterial cell (prokaryotic) GLYCOLYSIS Figure 8.4(1) Page 136

Slide 7 2 ATP invested Energy-Requiring Steps of Glycolysis glucose PGAL P P Stepped Art Figure 8.4(2) Page 137 ADP P ATP glucose-6-phosphate P fructose-6-phosphate ATP fructose1,6-bisphosphate PP ADP

Slide 8 Stepped Art Figure 8.4(3) Page 137 ADP ATP pyruvate ADP ATP pyruvate H2OH2O P PEP H2OH2O P P 2-phosphoglycerate P ADP ATP P 3-phosphoglycerate ADP ATP P 3-phosphoglycerate NAD + NADH PiPi 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate PP NAD + NADH PiPi 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate PP PGAL P P

Slide 9 inner compartmentouter compartmentcytoplasm outer mitochondrial membrane inner mitochondrial membrane Figure 8.5a,b Page 139

Slide 10 Krebs Cycle NADH ATP ADP + P i INNER COMPARTMENT OUTER COMPARTMENT acetyl-CoA free oxygen 6 H + flows back into inner compartment, through ATP synthases. Flow drives ATP formation. 1 Pyruvate from cytoplasm enters inner mitochondrial compartment. 3 NADH and FADH 2 give up electrons and H + to electron transfer chains. 2 Krebs cycle and preparatory steps: NAD + and FADH 2 accept electrons and hydrogen. ATP forms. Carbon dioxide forms. 5 Oxygen accepts electrons, joins with H + to form water. 4 As electrons move through the transfer chains, H + is pumped to outer compartment. Figure 8.5c Page 138

Slide 11 PREPARATORY STEPS pyruvate NAD + NADH coenzyme A (CoA) OO carbon dioxide CoA acetyl-CoA Figure 8.6 Page 139

Slide 12 NAD + NADH Stepped Art Figure 8.6 Page 139 =CoA acetyl-CoA oxaloacetatecitrate CoA KREBS CYCLE H2OH2O malate isocitrate H2OH2O H2OH2O FAD FADH 2 fumaratesuccinate ADP + phosphate group ATP succinyl-CoA OO CoA NAD + NADH OO NAD + NADH  -ketoglutarate

Slide 13 ELECTRON TRANSPORT PHOSPHORYLATION glucose pyruvate KREBS CYCLE GLYCOLYSIS In-text figure Page 140

Slide 14 NADH OUTER COMPARTMENT INNER COMPARTMENT Electron transfer phosphorylation Figure 8.7(1) Page 140

Slide 15 ATP ADP + P i INNER COMPARTMENT Electron transfer phosphorylation Figure 8.7(2) Page 140

Slide 16 Click to view animation. Energy harvest summary animation. Animation

Slide 17 ETHANOL FORMATION 2 acetaldehyde 2 CO 2 2 H 2 O Stepped Art Figure 8.10 Page ATP net 2 2 ADP 2 pyruvate 2 4 energy output energy input GLYCOLYSIS ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 NADH 2 NAD + electrons, hydrogen from NADH 2 ethanol

Slide 18 FOOD complex carbohydrates simple sugars pyruvate acetyl-CoA glycogenfatsproteins amino acids carbon backbones fatty acids glycerol NH 3 PGAL glucose-6-phosphate GLYCOLYSIS KREBS CYCLE urea Figure 8.11 Page 145

Slide 19 sunlight energy water + carbon dioxide PHOTOSYNTHESIS AEROBIC RESPIRATION sugar molecules oxygen In-text figure Page 146