INTERACTION WEB (DESERT). Creosote JuniperGrass Kangaroo Mouse.

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Presentation transcript:

INTERACTION WEB (DESERT)

Creosote JuniperGrass Kangaroo Mouse

FOOD WEB (DESERT)

Fig in Cain et al. 2008

Fig in Cain et al. 2008

EFFECT OF PREDATOR DIVERSITY ON COMMUNITY DIVERSITY

Figs in Molles 2008 Tidal Pool Food Webs Subtropical Food Web Temperate Food Web

Hypothesis: Predators enhance Tidepool Diversity 1) Reduce Prey Abundance 2) Prevent Competitive Exclusion by Superior Competitors 3) Allow more Species to Co-Exist

Experiment (Robert Paine) Eliminate Top Predator Fig in Molles 2008

Fig in Molles 2008 Mukkaw Bay WA Results Gooseneck Barnacles Mussels

Results: New Zealand Fig in Molles 2008 Stichaster Asian Green Mussel ( Perna )

Keystone Species: Species that Exert Strong Influence On Community Structures Disportionate to their Biomass

EXTENDING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF KEYSTONE SPECIES I Littorina Green Alga: Enteromorpha Red Alga: Chondrus

Fig in Molles 2008 Manipulative Experiments: Lubchenko

Effect of Snails on Algal Diversity Fig in Molles 2008

EXTENDING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF KEYSTONE SPECIES II Early Summer Late Summer Dense Green Alga ( Cladophora) Fish Movement: Steelhead “Ropey” Green Alga ( Cladophora)

Experiment (Mary Power) EnclosureExclosure

Fig in Molles 2008 Results

Mechanism Fig in Molles 2008

Fig in Molles 2008 Steelhead Exclosure, Enclosure Effects on Other Predators and Herbivores

Dominant Species: Species that exert Strong Effect On Community by Virtue of Biomass Fig in Molles 2008

Mutualists as Keystone Species I: Cleaner Wrasse

Experiment: Redouan Bshary Fig in Molles 2008

Mutualists as Keystone Species II: Large Seed-Dispersing Ants

Figs , in Molles 2008 Effects of Invasion by Non-Seed Dispersing Ants

Mutualists as Keystone Species III: Pollinators ?