Medical Careers Eden Area ROP

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Medical Careers Eden Area ROP Special Senses Medical Careers Eden Area ROP

The 5 Special Senses Sight Hearing Taste Smell Touch

Knowledge of the environment requires 3 factors: The sense organ to perceive (nose, eye, etc.) Intact cranial nerve to transmit message Functioning area of the brain to receive stimulus Stimulus: anything the body is able to detect by means of its receptors Receptors: the peripheral nerve endings of sensory nerves that respond to stimulus

Types of receptors Chemoreceptors: detect chemical changes (smell, taste) Mechanoreceptors: detect touch, vibrations (sound) Photoreceptors: detect light (sight) Thermoreceptors: detect changes in temperature (heat/cold) Nociceptors: detect pain

The Eye

The Eye

Conditions Myopia: nearsightedness; difficulty with distance vision Hyperopia: farsightedness; difficulty with near vision Presbyopia: “old eye” increase in farsightedness and loss of elasticity needed for accommodation due to aging. Astigmatism: uneven curvature of cornea or lens causing a scattering of light rays

Conjunctivitis “pink eye” Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by a bacteria.

Cataract Lens loses transparency and becomes cloudy due to changes in the proteins.

Glaucoma Increase of intraocular pressure due to a build up of aqueous humor.

The Ear Responsible for hearing and equilibrium (balance) Divided into 3 parts: External ear Middle ear Inner ear

The Ear

Conditions Otitis Media: middle ear infection; usually caused by bacteria External otitis: outer ear infection Also called “swimmers ear” Buildup of fluid and inflammation of tympanic membrane

The Tongue Over 10,000 taste buds are special receptors for taste. There are four basic flavors: sweet, salty, sour, bitter

The Nose Olfactory receptors in nasal cavity recognize different smells Olfactory nerve sends message to brain

The Skin The most common receptors in the skin detect: heat, cold, pain and pressure

Abbreviations HEENT: head, eyes, ears, nose & throat gtt, gtts: drop, drops OD: right eye OS: left eye OU: both eyes AD: right ear AS: left ear AU: both ears PERRLA: pupils equal, round and reactive to light and accommodation