Bell Ringer What is the function of the chloroplast?

Objectives Identify shared characteristics in animals Distinguish radial and bilateral symmetry Summarize the importance of a body cavity in animals Identify how scientists determine evolutionary relationships between animals

Characteristics of Animals Heterotrophy Mobility Multicellularity Diploidy Sexual reproduction Blastula Formation Tissue

Heterotrophy All animals are heterotrophs Animals cannot make their own food

Mobility Animals have the ability to perform rapid, complex movements Animals move by using muscle cells Swim, walk, crawl, run, fly

Multicellularity All animals have more than one cell

Diploidy Diploidy-two copies of each chromosomes All animals have two copies of each chromosome. One copy from mom and one from dad.

Sexual Reproduction Almost all animals reproduce sexually by producing gametes. Sperm cells of all animals have a flagella and they are highly mobile.

Blastula Formation Blastula- a hollow ball of cells Cells within the blastula eventually develop into three distinct layers of cells Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm

Blastula

Ectoderm- Outer layer of skin, nervous system, sense organs Endoderm- Lining of digestive tract, respiratory, system, digestive organs, urinary bladder Mesoderm- Most of the skeleton, muscles, circulatory system, reproductive organs

Tissues The cells of all animals except sponges are organized into structural and functional units called tissues Tissues- groups of cells with a common structure that work together to perform a certain function

Bell Ringer What are the three distinct cellular layers that the Blastula forms into?

Body Symmetry All animals have their own Body Plan. Different types of Body Plans Asymmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry

Asymmetry Asymmetry - irregular in shape. Asymmetry is the simplest body plan in the animal Kingdom Example: Sponges

Asymmetry

Radial Symmetry Radial Symmetry - Body parts arranged around a central axis. Most animals that exhibit radial symmetry are aquatic. Example: Starfish or Sea Anemone

Radial Symmetry

Bilateral Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry -A body design in which there are distinct right and left halves. In Bilateral Symmetry there are Dorsal Surfaces(Top) Ventral Surface(Bottom) Anterior End(Front) Posterior End(Back)

Bilateral Symmetry

Bell Ringer What are the three different types of symmetries?

Cephalization Most bilaterally symmetrical animals have evolved an anterior concentration of sensory structures and nerves. This is called Cephalization Animals with cephalic ends are often active and mobile.

Cephalization

Internal Body Cavity Bilaterally Symmetrical Animals have three basic internal body plans Acoelomates Pseudocoelomates Coelomates Coelom -Body cavity; a fluid filled space found between the body wall and the digestive tract.

Acoelomate Aceolomate - No Body cavity

Pseudocoelomate Pseudocoelomate-A body cavity that is located between the mesoderm and endoderm.

Coelomate Coelomate-Have a body cavity located entirely within the mesoderm. Provides an internal space where mesoderm and endoderm can be in contact during embryonic development. This helped complex organs evolve, why?

Coelomate Earthworms are coelomates True coelom wraps around the digestive tract to protect organs. Provides are firm base for animals muscles to push against.

Body Segmentation Segmented animals are composed of repeating segments.

Challenge Earth worms are segmented animals that can live without certain segments, why do you think that is?

Phylogenetic Tree Kingdom Animalia contains 35 divions Phyla Scientists use a Phylogenetic tree to visualize classification The animal kingdom can then be divided into vertebrates and non-vertebrates