Age of Jefferson Unit IIIA AP United States History

What is Jeffersonianism?  Thomas Jefferson  Plantation farmer from Virginia; Statesman (Declaration of Independence, Secretary of State, Vice- President, President); “Renaissance Man”; Slave owner; Democratic-Republican  American Political Theory  States’ rights  Ultimate sovereignty in the states  Strict interpretation of the Constitution  Federal government priority to ensure rights/liberties  Standing armies dangerous; economic coercion better  Representative democracy and civic virtue  People responsible to the state  Prevent corruption and overpowering governments  Place their trust in natural elites  Yeoman farmers as the ideal citizen  Educated landowners exemplified independence and virtue  Industrialists and urbanites influenced the electorate  Empire of Liberty  America’s responsibility to preserve and promote liberty around the world  Avoid foreign political alliances  Agriculture over industry  Responsibility of subsistence  Dependence led to class conflict  Society  Natives capable  Blacks inferiority and white superiority could lead to race war

Was Jefferson Jeffersonian?  Consider the following historical concepts and events and answer the question…  The Federal Judiciary  Louisiana Purchase  Tripoli Pirates  Embargo Act of 1807

First Party System  American period of political parties between the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans  Begins around 1792; ends between  Federalists: loose interpretation of Constitution; business, commercial, and upper class; New England; pro-British; dominated early years of national government, but dominated most of Judiciary  Democratic-Republicans: strict interpretation of Constitution; working class; South, West, frontier; large majorities in Congress and Executive in latter years

Jefferson and the Federal Judiciary  Only Federalist justices on the Supreme Court  Judiciary Act of 1801  Reduced number of SC justices  Increased number of federal courts; filled by Adams  Repealed in 1802  Marbury v. Madison (1803)  Judicial review - Supreme Court’s determining constitutionality of issues  Dem-Reps lead impeachments against Federalist judges  Alcoholism and partisanship grounds for impeachment?

Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase  Napoleon’s Caribbean Empire Plan and Britain’s Control of the Atlantic  America sandwiched between European powers  Brokered a deal for $15 million  Gain control of New Orleans  Lewis and Clark Expedition  Find waterway from east to Pacific  Federalist opposition

Jefferson and the Tripoli Pirates  Barbary pirates earned revenue for North African states  Extorting and harassing American ships  U.S. Navy and Marines dispatched to end the Tripoli threat  Treaty signed in 1805 in favor of Americans  War cost less than preserving peace

Jefferson and the Embargo Act  Orders of Council and Continental System outlawed American trade  British impressment of Americans and seizures of American ships  HMS Leopard and USS Chesapeake  Embargo Act of 1807  Prohibited vessels from leaving American ports for foreign ports  Economic impact on Americans  Merchants and traders suffered  Farms foreclosed  Increased production and diversified manufacturing

Jefferson’s Legacy Becomes Madison’s  James Madison (D-R) elected President, but Federalists gain some seats  Anglo-French rivalry bullies USA  Nonintercourse Act of 1809  Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)  British influence in the West

Leading Up to the War of 1812  United States vs. Great Britain  British impressment  “Our old enemy.”  British influence in the frontier  War hawks  John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay  Opposition  Federalists  Old guard Dem-Reps  New England and merchants

War of 1812  Failed American invasion of Canada  British Invasion of D.C. and Baltimore  Naval Victories and U.S.S. Constitution  Americans and the Natives  Tecumseh and William Henry Harrison  Battle of Horseshoe Bend (March 1814)  Treaty of Ghent (December 1814)  Stalemate; nothing earned  Patriotic victory  Battle of New Orleans (January 1815)  Andrew Jackson

Nature FTW

“Old Ironsides” 42 Wins 0 Losses - Constructed in Still in commission

The End of the Federalists  “Victory” over Great Britain and pro- British/anti-war support labeled them as unpatriotic  Hartford Convention (Dec. 1814)  Ratify Constitution in attempt to weaken Dem-Rep in West and South  Talk of secession by radicals*  After the War of 1812 Federalists soon would dissolve even in New England stronghold

War of 1812’s Impact  International respect  Development of U.S.-Canada relations  Natives on their own and weak  Industrial development  Growth of nationalism  Eyes toward the West