Qualitative Analysis pre-lab lecture

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Presentation transcript:

Qualitative Analysis pre-lab lecture Chemistry 2412L Qualitative Analysis pre-lab lecture

Qualitative Organic Analysis An important part of organic chemistry has to do with the characterization and identification of unknown compounds A systematic approach will include the following: Determination of physical properties Determination of solubility class Functional group classification tests Elemental analysis Spectroscopy (IR, NMR, GCMS) Synthesis and characterization of a derivative to confirm structure (we are not doing this part)

Qualitative Organic Analysis In this experiment you will choose an unknown compound and perform the tests indicated in the procedure. Some additional data (elemental analysis and NMR) will also be provided for each unknown. The goal of the experiment is to use all of your data and observations to determine the complete structure of the unknown compound.

Procedure Notes The tests you will conduct on your unknown are listed below. You are already familiar with many of these tests. Pictures of results from some of these tests can be found at this link. Physical properties Observe physical characteristics Determine the melting point or boiling point of your unknown Solubility Test solubility in water, base and acid Beilstein test Tests for the presence of chlorine, bromine, or iodine Chromic acid test Oxidizes primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, and aldehydes Ferric chloride test Tests for phenolic -OH

Procedure Notes Iodoform test Tests for methyl ketones 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine test Tests for aldehydes and ketones Hinsberg test Tests for primary and secondary amines Silver nitrate test Tests for alkyl halides and carboxylic acids Lucas test Tests for alcohols Bromination test Tests for alkenes/alkynes

Procedure Notes Potassium permanganate test Tests for alkenes/alkynes Ignition test Tests for aromatic rings IR Take an IR spectrum of your unknown GCMS Determine the GCMS of your unknown Elemental Analysis Provided on the instructor’s webpage 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR

Safety Notes In many of these procedures, highly reactive reagents or strong acids and bases are used. Most solvents are flammable. Keep in mind the safety notes you have seen throughout the semester and use standard precautions. Always wear safety goggles. Wash thoroughly with water if any chemicals come in contact with the skin.