Diego BRITEZ Marie JOLLY Ahmad Muheeb MOHAMMAD

I. Monitoring Techniques  Flow Progression: Acoustic Sensors  Curing: Dielectric Analysis II. Control Techniques  Permeability III. Conclusion 2

I. Monitoring Techniques  Flow Progression: Acoustic Sensors  Curing: Dielectric Analysis II. Control Techniques  Permeability III. Conclusion 3

4 FLOW SENSORS Physical change in the mold Local variation of the acoustic impedance ACOUSTIC SENSOR

5 Main Features  Compact.  Economic possess.  Good resistance in high temperatures and in wear.  Insensitivity in front of magnetic electro interferences. Main Features  Compact.  Economic possess.  Good resistance in high temperatures and in wear.  Insensitivity in front of magnetic electro interferences. Industrial Potential  Simulation were developed for RTM.  Future of the flow monitoring.  Adaptativity to mass production. Industrial Potential  Simulation were developed for RTM.  Future of the flow monitoring.  Adaptativity to mass production.

I. Monitoring Techniques  Flow Progression: Acoustic Sensors  Curing: Dielectric Analysis II. Control Techniques  Permeability III. Conclusion 6

7 Oscillating Electric Field Rotate into alignment POLYMER MOLECULES RATE OF ROTATION Viscosity (µ) Temperature (T) Degree of Cure (α) α▲ µ▼ ε▼

8 Parallel Plate Coplanar Parallel Plate - Grid Advantages:  Commercially available.  Better alternative for RTM resins (resistivity).  Multiple parameters could be determined.  Applicable for monitoring of flow progression. Drawbacks:  Deducing α and µ from ε and C curves is not easy.  Need of shielding (environment and reinforcements).  Localized or intrusive.

I. Monitoring Techniques  Flow Progression: Acoustic Sensors  Curing: Dielectric Analysis II. Control Techniques  Permeability III. Conclusion 9

10 Manufacturing fluctuations & improper handling Non-uniform resin flow AUTONOMOUS INJECTION PERMEABILITY VARIABILITY VARTM

11  External vacuum chamber lifts the vacuum bagging.  Shunts atmospheric pressure at the contact point of the chamber.  Results: 1. Effective rise in permeability. 2. Creation of a minimal flow resistance region. Chamber variations are available

12 Instruments used:  OCD camera (monitoring technique).  Computer (control software).  Robotic arm (performer of control action).

I. Monitoring Techniques  Flow Progression: Acoustic Sensors  Curing: Dielectric Analysis II. Control Techniques  Permeability III. Conclusion 13

 Acoustics Sensors for Monitoring Flow Progression  Compact.  Cheap.  Localized monitoring.  Dielectric Analysis for Monitoring Curing  Commercially Available.  Multipurpose.  Curves not easy to analyze.  Permeability Control  Voids reduction up to 80%.  Injection time reduced.  Chamber placement algorithm evaluation (automatic). 14